A fast, effective calibration technique has been developed for future Superconducting Supercollider (SSC) calorimeters based upon the radiative capture of protons from a pulsed Radio Frequency Quadrupole (RFQ) accelerator in a fluoride target . The intense flux of low energy photons acts as a clean "pulse generator" calibration signal equivalent to 20 GeV or more . This calibration technique ha...

Research into an optical thin film coating that enhances the current design of lithographic excimer laser gratings operating at 193 and 157 nm has been performed. The goal of such research is to improve durability and reflective efficiency. Possible coating materials include the fluorides, magnesium fluoride, barium fluoride, lanthanum fluoride and calcium fluoride. Each fluoride material was d...

The fast luminescence component of barium fluoride (BaF$_2$) crystals with a subnanosecond decay time can find wide application in particle physics and nuclear physics. However, the slow 630~ns could cause pile-up signals at high rate environment. Doping BaF$_2$ rare earth elements suppresses emission component, but same radiation hardness deteriorates. This work presents results studying cryst...

The fluorine content of drinking waters has become a matter of great interest to those concerned with the control and diminution of dental caries. In the U.S.A. many are of the opinion that the epidemiological studies of Dean (1938) and his co-workers (Dean, Arnold & Elvove, 1942) provide convincing evidence for the belief that, within certain limits, there is an inverse relationship between th...