This paper is a review and commentary, from both ethical and informational perspectives, of some known results in optimal anti-poverty budgetary rules for two kinds of intervention, direct income transfers and wage employment programmes.

after the war with iraq which ended in 1988, iran implemented several agricultural support policies based on five-year national development plans. the main objective of these plans in the agriculture sector was to make the agricultural economy more market-oriented and to encourage sustainable agriculture. this paper investigates the extent to which iran's government has been able to achieve thi...

The Public-Private Infrastructure Advisory Facility (PPIAF) is a multidonor technical assistance facility, launched in July 1999 with the purpose of helping developing countries improve the quality of their infrastructure through private sector involvement. PPIAF supported an activity in Bangladesh with the long-term goal of strengthening the capacity of the private sector and of micro-finance ...

The budgeting literature has long focused on “institutional friction” as a cause of ubiquitous punctuated equilibrium (PE) findings. A recent wave of scholarship looks to identify specific institutional mechanisms that affect the number of punctuations in policy outputs. We contribute to this growing body of research by focusing on the complexity of the institutional environment surrounding a p...

The study investigates the availability of strategic plans or policies for the development of digital libraries in selected universities in Ghana. A case study approach was adopted and interviews were held with three university librarians to determine their views on planning and budgeting for digitization. The findings reveal that all three university libraries have strategic plans, though some...