prostate cancer is the second common form of cancer in men. detection of circulating prostate specific antigen (psa) transcripts has effectively been used for early diagnosis of prostate cancer cells. this investigation employed a reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) technique to distinguish the patients with either localized or metastatic prostate cancer (cap) vs. benign pr...

oral cancer is considered a great threat to public health. tongue cancer accounts for nearly 30% of all oral cancers and usually seen in 50 to 60 year old men. oropharyngeal cancers account for 3% of all cancers in iran; as reported in 2003. the present study was designed to assess the epidemiologic and clinicopathologic characteristics of tongue cancer patients in two tehran's referral univers...

despite the major advances in conventional forms of treatment (i.e. surgical techniques, radiotherapy and chemotherapy) and improved survival rates, cancer is still the second leading cause of death in developing countries. one major limitation of cytotoxic drugs and radiation in the treatment of cancer patients is their inability to discriminate between malignant and normal tissues. this in tu...

colorectal cancer (crc) is the second leading cause of cancer death. progress has been made in the development of chemotherapy for advanced crc. targeted therapies against vegf or egfr are now commonly used. however, many cases show that tolerance develops to such treatments; therefore, new strategies are required to replace or complement current therapies. nuclear factor-?b (nf-?b) transcripti...

nanotechnology is the engineering of functional systems at the molecular scale which may exert a revolutionary impact on cancer diagnosis and therapy. nanotechnology is being applied to cancer in two broad areas: i) the development of nanovectors such as nanoparticles which can be loaded with drugs or imaging agents and then targeted to tumours, and ii) high-throughput nanosensor devices for de...

although acrometastases are rare but clinically they are considered important. their etiology is quite different from the metastases to other sites; bronchogenic carcinoma is by far the most frequent case. the prognosis is always similar to metastatic bronchial cancer with an average survival of three months. treatment may involve distal digital amputation or antalgic radiotherapy. the main dif...

background and objective: determination of hormone receptor status in the management of breast cancer is well-established. the aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency of androgen receptor (ar) expression in invasive ductal carcinoma of breast. materials and methods: for this purpose, 55 cases of invasive ductal breast carcinoma were examined using a monoclonal antibody against ar on for...

in patients with malignancy, the common etiologies of granuloma formation are tumor related sarcoid reaction, sarcoidosis, tuberculosis and other granulomatous diseases. often, the finding of granulomas in malignant patients may obscure the primary malignancy or may mislead towards treatment of infectious and other etiologies. hence, their proper recognition and necessary follow up is needed to...

background & objective:the present study was undertaken to ascertain the incidence of early, advanced cancer cervix and its recurrence and role of chemotherapy in locally advanced cancer cervix. material and methods: the present study was conducted in the departments of obstetrics & gynaecology, pathology and radiotherapy and the specimens examined in the department of pathology of jaw...

human papillomavirus (hpv) is one of the most common causes of sexually transmitted diseases worldwide and is the etiological agent of cervical and other anogenital malignancies. since hpvs have been shown to possess oncogenic potential, an association between hpv infection and prostatic cancer (pca) has been suggested. there are conflicting reports on the impact of hpv infection on the develop...