Lateral integration and fusion of cartilage tissue interfaces remain significantly challenging limits success engineering (TE) strategies. In this study, self-assembled vitreous humor (VH) spheroids are fabricated by seeding clinically relevant human articular chondrocytes (hACs) or mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs) in four VH hydrogels with different glycosaminoglycans (GAG) protein content. Q...

Recent studies have indicated that ATRA inhibits chondrogenesis and can lead to congenital clubfoot (CCF). The molecular mechanism of ATRA-induced chondrogenesis is not clear. As RhoA/ROCK and SDF-1/CXCR4 signaling play important molecular roles for a variety of cellular processes, we hypothesized that RhoA/ROCK2 and SDF-1/CXCR4 signaling are involved in ATRA-induced chondrogenesis in rat embry...

Chondrogenesis is known to be regulated by calcium-dependent signalling pathways in which temporal aspects of calcium homeostasis are of key importance. We aimed to better characterise calcium influx and release functions with respect to rapid calcium oscillations in cells of chondrifying chicken high density cultures. We found that differentiating chondrocytes express the α1 subunit of voltage...

BACKGROUND Chondrogenesis is the complex process that leads to the establishment of cartilage and bone formation. Due to their ability to differentiate in vitro and mimic development, embryonic stem cells (ESCs) show great potential for investigating developmental processes. In this study, we used chondrogenic differentiation of ESCs as a model to analyze morphogenetic events during chondrogene...

Gel-like carrier materials were introduced into cell therapy of cartilage lesions to improve chondrocyte retention and distribution in the defect. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are now discussed as an alternative cell source for repair. We here asked whether distinct gel-like carriers can support chondrogenesis of MSC in vitro and lead to stable cartilage-like transplants in vivo. Chondrogenesis...

introduction: oxidative stress has been implicated in the pathogenesis of various diseases affecting chondrogenesis or the function of articular cartilage. the purpose of the present study was to find the effect of soybean extract on reduction of detoriation effects of oxidativestress in embryonic chondrogenesis in vitro. methods: in order to separate ectoderm from mesenchyme, the limb buds of ...

Epigenetics is an essential mechanism to control gene expression and fundamental cellular processes. DNA methylation in CpG-rich promoters correlates with gene silencing. Histone modification including histone acetylation and deacetylation determines the stability of the chromatin structure. Condensed chromatin (heterochromatin), which has a higher-order histone-DNA structure, prevents the acce...

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs)-based therapy shows promise to treat cartilage degeneration, which lacks the regenerative ability in osteoarthritic patients. Differentiation of MSCs into chondrocytes mainly uses a specific differentiation medium. However, biomechanical induction can direct chondrogenesis without chondrogenic medium, particularly with micropattern. Micropattern provides physical a...

1 Chapter One: Background & Significance 3 Structure & Function of Articular Cartilage 4 Formation of Cartilage 13 Articular Cartilage Pathology & Repair 17 Tissue Engineering Design Criteria 20 Cell Source 21 Scaffold Considerations 22 Addition of Bioactive Factors 25 Chapter Two: In Vitro Chondrogenesis in a Poly(ethylene glycol) Diacrylate (PEGDA) Scaffold – Preliminary Experiments 30 In Vit...

Colloidal Gels In article 2300122, Lin and co-workers show that polyurethane based colloidal gels provide synchronized mechanomorphological guidance for the aggregation organization of cells to control their functional state in 3D microenvironment. Chondrogenesis mesenchymal stem network formation endothelial are promoted on these gel matrices.