Focusing on the closed-loop supply chain (CLSC) comprising manufacturer, retailer, and consumers in waste products market, this study investigates how government addresses adverse selection problem hidden recovery costs of retailer it manages moral hazard level retailer’s efforts. Based incentive theory, a regulation aiming at maximizing social welfare is established study. In addition, list co...

Abstract We consider the problem of designing a closed-loop supply chain (CLSC) network in presence uncertainty demand quantities, return rates, and quality returned products. formulate as two-stage stochastic mixed-integer program (SMIP) that maximizes total expected profit. The first-stage decisions our model are facility location capacity decisions, second-stage forward/reverse flows on henc...

This study develops a circular supply chain management model. The review shows how CSCM promotes green and sustainability by extending its sustainable dimension beyond the original producer. Closed-loop open-loop chains are components. Using contingency theory transaction cost theory, model proposes that product circularity in closed-loop affects company's economy performance. explains CSCM's p...