The closed-loop supply chain considers conceptually the possibility of reverse logistics with use recycling, remanufacturing and disposal centers. This study contributes for first time a green framework ventilators, which are highly important in case COVID-19 pandemic. proposed model simulates Iranian medical ventilator production. includes environmental sustainability to limit carbon emissions...

Although many quantitative models have been reported in the literature for designing a supply chain, none of them address issues that are crucial for the supply chain to successfully operate in a closedloop. To that end, we examine the following: (i) selection of economical products to process, (ii) identification of efficient production facilities in the region where the supply chain is to be ...

Product returns from market to the manufacturer can happen because of the motivation to capture the value content of the product after use or the obligation from legislation and the environmental concerns. A manufacturing system capable of integrating both the manufacturing and remanufacturing activities can help the recovery of value content in the products after the end of product’s use life....

Global warming and climate changes created by large scale emissions of greenhouse gases are a worldwide concern. Due to this, the issue of green supply chain management has received more attention in the last decade. In this study, a closed-loop logistic concept which serves the purposes of recycling, reuse, and recovery required in a green supply chain is applied to integrate the environmental...

This paper discusses the closed-loop supply chain which is composed of a manufacturer, a retailer and the third-party recycler, the market dominated by manufacturer. Consumer conveys different preference for new products and remanufactured products. From this base, we segment markets and determine the market demand of different products. Then, we set up a closed-loop supply chain with the third...