In order to reduce the risk of complete failure, research managers often adopt a parallel strategy by simultaneously funding several R&D activities and several research teams within each activity. The parallel strategy requires the allocation of an available budget to a number of R&D activities, the determination of the number of research teams within each activity and the amount of funding the...

The Besley-Coate model of representative democracy has the problem of multiple equilibria (Besley-Coate, 1997). We show that requiring the Besley-Coate political equilibria to be iteratively undominated at the voting stage re nes the set of (pure strategy) political equilibrium outcomes only for those cases where at least four candidates stand for election. This note complements the results of ...

This qualitative study is an attempt to develop our knowledge on using the back-channels in English conversations as a secondlanguage obtaining English language textbooks for Iranian school students through the old and new educational system. The textbook ofsecond guidance school grade has been compared with seventh juniorhigh school grade (as the frst group), and the textbook...

with rapid changes in the business environment, organizations are increasingly looking at human resources as a unique asset that can provide sustained competitive advantage. as much as, people are viewed among the most important resources to firms, hr strategy would be central to achieve competitive advantages .firms should view hr strategy as an important tool for integrating competencies insi...

Background: The key challenge is how to encourage and retain health professionals in their work location. There is a list of policy options for this purpose but applying an appropriate and effective set of strategies requires a country level research. Our study aimed to identify retention strategies for neurosurgeons and examine both the importance and feasibility of the identified strategies u...

As countries around the world struggle to provide oncology care and treatment to their populations, nurses, as the largest healthcare workforce, are faced with the challenge of obtaining, maintaining, and developing specialized oncology nursing knowledge and expertise. Strategies that can be deployed at a local level to support nurses with integrating new knowledge into practice are important i...

De Vrijer has presented a proof of the finite developments theorem which, in addition to showing that all developments are finite, gives an effective reduction strategy computing longest developments as well as a simple formula computing their length. We show that by applying a rather simple and intuitive principle of duality to de Vrijer’s approach one arrives at a proof that some developments...