this paper investigates the relationship between total energy consumption and gdp in six countries of the middle east , including iran,pakistan,saudi arabia,oman,bahrain and the united arab emirates. the data are annual and spanning the period 1980-2012.we employed hsiao’s (1981) methodology to examine causality relation between total energy consumption and gdp.the empirical findings show a uni...

introduction:today, the growing amount of paper consumption and consequently deforestation and environmental destruction have imposed financial burden on different countries around the world. this study aimed to determine the level of knowledge, attitude, and performance of yazd health volunteers on cutting down the consumption of paper. methods: this descriptive-cross sectional study was condu...

although sport-physiologists have repeatedly analyzed respiratory gases through exercise, it is relatively new in the cardiovascular field and is obviously more acceptable than standard exercise test, which gives only information about the existence or absence of cardiovascular diseases (cvds). through the new method of exercise test, parameters including aerobic and anaerobic are checked and m...

The concept of consumption, which has an important place in people's lives, is generally expressed as the use produced goods and services line with needs. Consumption now includes psychological needs people well their physical Consumers can buy things they do not need by acting pleasure-orientedly, exhibit consumption behaviors to provide satisfaction. One consumer-purchase patterns found demon...