Aim: To elucidate clinical features in patients with type 2 diabetes with advanced retinopathy but without nephropathy. Methods: This study examined 1324 patients (784 males and 540 females) with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabetic retinopathy was graded according to the International Clinical Classification of Diabetic Retinopathy as no diabetic retinopathy, mild or moderate non-proliferative d...

Persistent albuminuria (>300 mg/24 h or 200 ug/min) is the hallmark of diabetic nephropathy, which can be diagnosed clinically if the following additional criteria are fulfilled: presence of diabetic retinopathy and no clinical or laboratory evidence of kidney or urinary tract disease other than diabetic glomerulosclerosis [1]. This clinical definition of diabetic nephropathy is valid both in i...

BACKGROUND Recent epidemiological studies suggest that periodontitis is a major risk factor for renal failure and cerebral infarction. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association among periodontitis, renal failure, and cerebral infarction, focusing on microbiological and immunological features. METHODS Twenty-one patients treated with hemodialysis (HD) were enrolled in this study. T...

OBJECTIVE Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) plays a central role in innate immunity. Activation of innate immune response and subsequent chronic low-grade inflammation are thought to be involved in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether TLR4 variants are associated with diabetic nephropathy in the Chinese population. METHODS Seven tagging single nuc...

Diabetic nephropathy is the main cause of end-stage renal disease requiring dialysis in developed countries. In this study, we demonstrated the therapeutic effect of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) on advanced rather than early diabetic nephropathy using a rat model of streptozotocin-induced diabetes. Early diabetic nephropathy (16 weeks after induction of diabetes) was characterized by albuminu...

OBJECTIVE The presence of hematuria has been suggested to indicate nondiabetic nephropathy in diabetic patients with proteinuria. However, hematuria is frequently found in patients with biopsy-proven diabetic glomerulosclerosis without nondiabetic nephropathy. Urine microscopy allows discrimination of glomerular hematuria, which is defined as acanthocyturia (urinary excretion of acanthocytes, w...

conclusions plasma se and gpx levels were lower in type two diabetic patients with macroalbuminuria and related to the stage of diabetic nephropathy. results plasma se and gpx concentrations were significantly lower in diabetic patients with macroalbuminuria than other study groups (p < 0.001). albuminuria (alb/cr in random urine sample) had a negative correlation with plasma se (r = -0.40, p =...

The Family Investigation of Nephropathy and Diabetes (FIND) was initiated to map genes underlying susceptibility to diabetic nephropathy. A total of 11 centers participated under a single collection protocol to recruit large numbers of diabetic sibling pairs concordant and discordant for diabetic nephropathy. We report the findings from the first-phase genetic analyses in 1,227 participants fro...

Diabetic nephropathy is one of the most severe diabetic micro-angiopathies. Various factors are involved in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy including, interactions between metabolic and haemodynamic factors, as well as genetic susceptibility to develop nephropathy. This study aims to evaluate the role of metabolic abnormalities and hypertension in the development of chronic renal failu...

BACKGROUND Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the life-threatening disorders characterized by persistent albuminuria, raised arterial blood pressure, a lowered glomerular filtration rate, and high risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The vascular genes ACE (Angiotensin-converting enzyme), and PPARG (peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma) are involved in alterations in vas...