Diverse meso-aminophenyl-, hydroxyphenyl-, and phenyl-substituted heptamethine cyanine dyes were prepared by a modified Suzuki--Miyaura method in good yields. In addition, direct Suzuki coupling of Vilsmeier--Haack reagent extends the procedure to the synthesis of otherwise difficult cyanine dyes containing multiple heteroatoms in the indolium ring. The new compounds possess excellent spectral ...

A high-yielding method for the direct thiocyanation of BODIPY dyes is described. In 1,3-dimethyl BODIPYs, the thiocyanato group adds at position 2, whereas the insertion occurs at position 5 in 3-amino BODIPYs. The transformation of the thiocyanato group enables the synthesis of thioalkylated BODIPYs. 2-Thioalkylated BODIPYs and 3-thiocyanato-5-piperidino BODIPYs exhibit interesting spectroscop...

Near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence imaging has emerged as an attractive non-invasive approach for direct visualization of diseases which depends on the development of stable, highly specific and sensitive optical probes. The NIR region of the electronic spectrum offers a reduction in the background autofluorescence and an increase in the tissue penetration depth. Cyanine dyes have often been cons...

Reactive dyes have been used in the textile industry for the past 60 years; they colour fibres brightly and are highly wetfast. They consist of a direct colourant (an azo, anthraquinone or phthalocyanin derivative group) connected to a reactive group, which is capable of linking through covalent bonds to the amine or sulfhydryl groups of proteins (1). We report a case of a delayed contact hyper...

Systematic designed experiments were employed to find the optimum conditions for extraction of direct, reactive, and vat dyes from cotton fibers prior to forensic characterization. Automated microextractions were coupled with measurements of extraction efficiencies on a microplate reader UV-visible spectrophotometer to enable rapid screening of extraction efficiency as a function of solvent com...

Most dyes constitute a class of electrolytes display ing peculiar properties in their relationship with water. There is a great deal of evidence that dye ions aggregate in aqueous solutions.15 Several methods have been proposed for the study of this phenomenon. Although very promising, vapour pressure osmometry has been almost completely neglected. Milicevic and Eigenmann6 reported the values o...

The synthesis of light-harvesting arrays requires modular pigment building blocks. Boron-dipyrromethene dyes are well-suited for the photochemical sensitization of free base or metalloporphyrins. Direct access to borondipyrromethene dyes bearing reactive substituents is provided by a simple synthetic route involving two one-flask reactions. Reaction of pyrrole or 2-methylpyrrole with an aldehyd...

Before the First World War, almost all dyes were applied from solution in an aqueous dyebath to substrates such as cotton, wool, silk and other natural fibres. However, the introduction of a man-made fibre, cellulose acetate, with its inherent hydrophobic nature, created a situation where very few of the available dyes had affinity for the new fibre. Water-soluble anionic dyes had little substa...

Volume 1 • Issue 4 • 1000e111 Biochem Anal Biochem ISSN:2161-1009 Biochem, an open access journal Labeling molecules without losing its activity has a long track in science. The first labeling method for detection of the biomolecules was the use of radioisotope entities like 32P, which have been successfully employed to study protein–protein, protein–DNA, protein–RNA and protein–ligand interact...