The growth curve of Azotobacter vinelandii was biphasic when the organism was grown in a medium containing a mixture of galactose and glucose. Galactose was the primary carbon source; glucose was also consumed, but the rate at which it was consumed was lower than the rate at which galactose was consumed during the first phase of growth. Metabolic pathways for both sugars were induced. Cell cult...

Four-day-old etiolated cucumber cotyledons (Cucumis sativus, L.) were excised and allowed to green in white fluorescent light at 28 C. Cotyledons excised with a full hypocotyl hook exhibited a lag phase of 1 hour before entering the rapid greening phase, whereas cotyledons excised without any hypocotyl hook exhibited a lag phase of 6 hours. Cotyledons excised with varying lengths of hypocotyl h...

The effect of ferrite grain size on the fatigue and tensile properties of dual phase steels with a 0.25 volume fraction of martensite (Vm) under different heat treatments was investigated. The heat treatments were homogenized at 1200 oC along with several subsequent normalizations at 910 oC, resulting in different microstructures and mechanical properties. After heat treatment, the obtained ste...

We study a lattice model of interacting loops in three dimensions with a 1/r2 interaction. Using Monte Carlo methods, we have found that the phase diagram contains a line of second-order phase transitions between a phase where the loops are gapped and a phase where they proliferate. The correlation length exponent and critical conductivity vary continuously along this line. Our model is exactly...

When bacteria grow in a medium with two sugars, they first use the preferred sugar and only then start metabolizing the second one. After the first exponential growth phase, a short lag phase of nongrowth is observed, a period called the diauxie lag phase. It is commonly seen as a phase in which the bacteria prepare themselves to use the second sugar. Here we reveal that, in contrast to the est...

An increase of the coupling strength in the system of two coupled Rössler oscillators leads from a nonsynchronized state through phase synchronization to the regime of lag synchronization. The role of unstable periodic orbits in these transitions is investigated. Changes in the structure of attracting sets are discussed. We demonstrate that the onset of phase synchronization is related to phase...

The effects of stimulus frequency and intensity on phase-locking characteristics of cochlear ganglion cells were studied in the starling. All cells showed phase-locking to tone stimuli within their response area. Phase-locking at CF is found on average 9 dB below discharge rate threshold. Phase-locking is best at 0.4 kHz and deteriorates with increasing frequency almost independently of CF. No ...

Under the conditions used to prepare the traditional sugar syrups and caramels, commercial sucrose is heated with small amounts of water in order to attain supersaturated (at room temperature) solutions. Undesuch conditions, a lag phase in sucrose thermal degradation was experimentally observed. This lag phase was also observed in the formation of reaction products, and can be interpreted has a...

In this article, a new Runge-Kutta-Nyström method is derived. The new RKN method has zero phase-lag, zero amplification error and zero first derivative of phase-lag. This method is basically based on the sixth algebraic order Runge-Kutta-Nyström method, which has proposed by Dormand, El-Mikkawy and Prince. Numerical illustrations show that the new proposed method is much efficient as compared w...

The first-order phase lag between light and velocity is calculated from Fourier decompositions of the variations of 12 classical Cepheids. The phase lags have a narrow range, with maximum expansion velocity always retarded with respect to maximum light. The average value of the first-order phase lag is found to be approximately -0.3, close to the theoretical value obtained from the models of Si...