Reorganization after early brain injuries is not only determined by the maturational stage of the CNS at the time of the insult (timing), but also by the structural properties, location and extent of the lesion. This study addresses the impact of different lesion extents on the type of reorganization induced in a cohort of patients with lesions of uniform structure and location (unilateral peri...

From studies of subhuman primates it has been assumed that functional corticospinal innervation occurs post-natally in man. We report a post-mortem morphological study of human spinal cord, and neurophysiological and behavioural studies in preterm and term neonates and infants. From morphological studies it was demonstrated that corticospinal axons reach the lower cervical spinal cord by 24 wee...

The developing human brain can compensate for pre- and perinatally acquired focal lesions more effectively than the adult brain. The mechanisms by which this effective reorganization is achieved vary considerably between different functional systems, reflecting differences in the normal maturation of these systems. In the motor system, descending cortico-spinal motor projections have already re...

Suppose $pi:mathcal{A}rightarrow mathcal{B}$ is a surjective unital $ast$-homomorphism between C*-algebras $mathcal{A}$ and $mathcal{B}$, and $0leq aleq1$ with $ain  mathcal{A}$. We give a sufficient condition that ensures there is a proection $pin mathcal{A}$ such that $pi left( pright) =pi left( aright) $. An easy consequence is a result of [L. G. Brown and G. k. Pedersen, C*-algebras of real...

the mathematical aspect of cartographic mapping is a process which establishes a unique connection between points of the earth’s sphere and their images on a plane. it was proven in differential geometry that an isometric mapping of a sphere onto a plane with all corresponding distances on both surfaces remaining identical can never be achieved since the two surfaces do not possess the same gau...

41 Modification of spatial attention via reinforcement learning (Lee & Shomstein, 2013) requires 42 the integration of reward, attention, and executive processes. Corticostriatal pathways are an 43 ideal neural substrate for this integration because these projections exhibit a globally parallel 44 (Alexander, DeLong, & Strick, 1986), but locally overlapping (Haber, 2003), topographical 45 organ...

Evidence from macaques [1] and humans [2, 3] has shown that back projections from extrastriate areas to the primary visual area (V1) determine whether visual awareness will arise. For example, reentrant projections from the visual motion area (V5) to V1 are considered to be critical for awareness of motion [2, 3]. If these projections are also instrumental to functional processing of moving sti...

BACKGROUND The existence and function of unilateral hemispheric projections within foveal vision may substantially affect foveal word recognition. The purpose of this research was to reveal these projections and determine their functionality. METHODOLOGY Single words (and pseudowords) were presented to the left or right of fixation, entirely within either foveal or extrafoveal vision. To maxi...

The molecular linkage between neocortical projection neuron subtype and area development, which enables the establishment of functional areas by projection neuron populations appropriate for specific sensory and motor functions, is poorly understood. Here, we report that Ctip1 controls precision of neocortical development by regulating subtype identity in deep-layer projection neurons. Ctip1 is...

Recent imaging studies suggest that object knowledge is stored in the brain as a distributed network of many cortical areas. Motivated by these observations, we study a multimodular associative memory network, whose functional goal is to store patterns with different coding levels--patterns that vary in the number of modules in which they are encoded. We show that in order to accomplish this ta...