The availability of repeatable dynamic rollover fixtures, like the Controlled Rollover Impact System (CRIS) and Jordan Rollover System (JRS), has changed the face of rollover structural and occupant protection development and evaluation. Tests performed with these devices have demonstrated scientific principles of occupant protection and injury potential which were previously resolvable only by...

There is little known data characterizing the biomechanical responses of the human head and neck under direct head loading conditions. However, the evaluation of the appropriateness of current crash test dummy head-neck systems is easily accomplished. Such an effort, using experimental means, generates and provides characterizations of human head-neck response to several direct head loading con...

A principal cause of subacromial impingement (SAI) is failure of the rotator cuff to center the humeral head in the glenoid during shoulder motion, counteracting the effect of the deltoid. As rehabilitation of the rotator cuff endeavors to restore balance between these muscle groups, the purpose of this companion study was to evaluate, in the symptomatic shoulders of patients with SAI, (1) the ...

the increasing world demand for fish cannot be met by capture fisheries. aquaculture production is increasing and nowadays cage culture has an important role in meeting the world’s fish demand. the design of the physical structure of a cage is determined by the oceanographic conditions of the culture site. each design is site-specific and knowledge of the topography, wind force and direction, p...

Blast waves generated in the field explosions impinge on the head-brain complex and induce mechanical pressure pulses in the brain resulting in traumatic brain injury. Severity of the brain injury (mild to moderate to severe) is dependent upon the magnitude and duration of the pressure pulse, which in turn depends on the intensity and duration of the oncoming blast wave. A fluid-filled cylinder...

Restoration of joint stability during total shoulder arthroplasty can be challenging in the face of severe glenoid retroversion. A novel technique of humeral head component anterior-offsetting has been proposed to address posterior instability. We evaluated the biomechanical benefits of this technique in cadaveric specimens. Total shoulder arthroplasty was performed in 14 cadaveric shoulders fr...

A study of brain injury biomechanics has been conducted using detailed reconstruction of real world injury events. A total of nineteen head injury cases were identified in neurosurgery wards of two hospitals in Sweden. From these cases, nine were subjected to detailed reconstruction techniques to quantify the head loading causing the injuries. Output of the analyses included the kinematics of t...

The studies reported here are directed toward understanding some of the mechanisms whereby the central nervous system terminates a given phase in a motor sequence and maintains a newly acquired position. In particular, we investigated the extent to which the termination of a centrally initiated head movement in monkeys and the subsequent maintenance of posture depend on a readout of propriocept...

Adaptation to a novel gravitational state involves adaptation of vestibular mediated responses, in particular those mediated by the otolith organs. The present paper investigates whether the orientation of Listing's plane, which is under control of otolith signals, is affected by sustained exposure to hypergravity. Subjects were exposed to four G-loads differing in duration (45 or 90 min) and m...