background: p2x4 receptor (p2x4r), a purinoceptor expressed in activated spinal microglia, plays a key role in the pathogenesis of neuropathic pain. spinal nerve injury induces up-regulation of p2x4r on activated microglia in the spinal cord, and blockade of this receptor can reduce neuropathic pain. the present study was undertaken to determine whether paroxetine, an inhibitor of p2x4r, could ...

The present study evaluated the anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of the superoxide dismutase mimetic agent tempol in superoxide anion-induced pain and inflammation. Mice were treated intraperitoneally with tempol (10-100 mg/kg) 40 min before the intraplantar injection of a superoxide anion donor, potassium superoxide (KO2, 30 μg). Mechanical hyperalgesia and thermal hyperalgesia, paw ede...

Tolerance to the analgesic effects of an opioid occurs after its chronic administration, a pharmacological phenomenon that has been associated with the development of abnormal pain sensitivity such as hyperalgesia. In the present study, we examined the role of spinal glutamate transporters (GTs) in the development of both morphine tolerance and associated thermal hyperalgesia. Chronic morphine ...

Hyperalgesia from an incisional pain is evoked by noxious stimuli (mechanical and cold). The present study was aimed to examine the effect of licofelone, a dual inhibitor of cyclooxygenases (COX-1/COX-2) and 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) against mechanical hyperalgesia and cold allodynia in the rat model of incisional pain. Mechanical hyperalgesia and cold allodynia was assessed employing Randall and ...

Objective—While inflammatory pain is well described in skeletal muscle, neuropathic muscle pain remains to be clarified. We used three well-established rodent models of peripheral neuropathy to evaluate for muscle pain. Methods—In rats exposed to either of two neurotoxic cancer chemotherapies, paclitaxel or oxaliplatin, or to alcohol consumption, we assessed the evolution of mechanical hyperalg...

Visceral hypersensitivity has been implicated as an important pathophysiological mechanism in functional gastrointestinal disorders. In this study, we investigated whether the sustained visceral hyperalgesia induced by repeated psychological stress in rats involves the activation of CRF(1) signaling system using two different antagonists. Male Wistar rats were exposed to 10 consecutive days of ...

The aim of the present study was to explore the effect of rutin on early diabetic neuropathy in experimental animals. Streptozotocin (55 mg/kg, i.p.) was administered to different groups of rats. Four weeks after injection of streptozotocin, rutin (50 and 100 mg/kg, p.o.), metformin (200 mg/kg, p.o.) and sertraline (30 mg/kg, p.o.) were administered in diabetic rats (n=5) for three weeks. The a...

Western blots show the constitutive expression of COX-1 and COX-2 in the rat spinal dorsal and ventral horns and in the dorsal root ganglia. Using selective inhibitors of cyclooxygenase (COX) isozymes, we show that in rats with chronic indwelling intrathecal catheters the acute thermal hyperalgesia evoked by the spinal delivery of substance P (SP; 20 nmol) or NMDA (2 nmol) and the thermal hyper...

Sensitization of the responses of dorsal horn neurons to mechanical stimulation may play a role in the generation of hyperalgesia. Intradermal injection of capsaicin (CAP) provides a model of experimental hyperalgesia that possesses a component of allodynia. This hyperalgesia is produced by chemical stimulation of C-fibers, leading to sensitization of dorsal horn neurons, including spinothalami...