Inflammation and hypoxia are hallmarks of inflammatory bowel disease. Low oxygen levels activate hypoxia-inducible factors as central transcriptional regulators of cellular responses to hypoxia, particularly in myeloid cells where hypoxia-inducible factors control immune cell function and survival. Still, the role of myeloid hypoxia-inducible factor-1 during inflammatory bowel disease remains p...

The metabolic process of normal cells in general and cancer particular requires an important molecule—oxygen. In tumors, the oxygen level tends to decrease gradually from outer layers central core, leading a condition termed ``hypoxia.'' Changes modify signaling pathways activities cells. Basically, tumor development is divided into three stages: initiation, promotion, progression. Among them, ...