traumatic brain injury (tbi) is a global health concern that typically causes emotional disturbances and cognitive dysfunction. it elicits a complex secondary injury response, with neuroinflammation as a crucial central component. secondary pathologies following tbi may be associated with chronic neurodegenerative disorders and an enhanced likelihood of developing dementia-like disease in later...

chemokines are classified in four distinct groups as cxc, cc, cx3c and c, depending on the presence or absence of a motif called elr (arg-leu-glu) before the first cysteine residue in their structure. cxc chemokines are also subdivided into elr + and elr - . increasing evidence has indicated the existence of a chemokine network in the liver which is involved in both physiological responses and,...