Most mammals prefer the sweet taste of sugars, which is mediated by the heterodimeric T1R2+T1R3 taste receptor. Sugar appetite is also enhanced by the post-oral reinforcing actions of the nutrient in the gut. Here, we examined the contribution of gut T1R3 (either alone or as part of the T1R3+T1R3 receptor) to post-oral sugar reinforcement using a flavor-conditioning paradigm. We trained mice to...

BACKGROUND Children with chronic rheumatic disease often require intravenous (IV) therapy. Our center has instituted standardized protocols for use of IV medications in rheumatology patients. Herein, we introduce the therapeutic protocols and report on their short-term safety. METHODS This was an institutional review board (IRB) approved retrospective chart review of all patients who had rece...

Chronic opiate administration upregulates the cAMP pathway in the locus coeruleus (LC). This adaptation is thought to increase the electrical excitability of LC neurons and contribute to the dramatic increase in LC firing induced by opioid receptor antagonists in opiate-dependent animals. The goal of the present study was to evaluate directly a role of the cAMP pathway in opiate withdrawal beha...

• In the past ten years sustained infusions of Z-norepinephrine (NE) have been used in the treatment of cardiogenic hypotension. In many of the reports the poor results and low rates of survival have been attributed to the severity of the underlying myocardial disease. Detailed studies of the cardiovascular effects of NE have focused on the hemodynamic changes during acute infusions of this cat...

nitric oxide (no) is thought to be involved in spatial learning and memory in several brain areas such as hippocampus. this study examined the effects of post-training intrahippocampal microinjections of 1400w as a selective inducible nitric oxide synthase (inos) inhibitor on spatial memory, in both anesthetized and non-anesthetized situations in rats. in the present work, 4-day training trials...

Two experiments compared the potency of continuous infusions of cholecystokinin octapeptide (CCK-8) for reducing sucrose intake when administered into abdominal arteries or the jugular vein. Adult, male Sprague-Dawley rats received 22-min infusions of saline or several doses of CCK-8. Sucrose was available for 20 min, beginning 2 min after onset of infusions. In the first experiment, intracelia...

Abstract Introduction Achieving optimal sedation and analgesia in patients with major burn injuries can be challenging. Reliance on benzodiazepines results longer durations of mechanical ventilation, delirium withdrawal. Recent evidence local experience our critical care unit has supported the application volatile agents such as isoflurane for sedation. A audit determined that 70% mechanically ...

nitric oxide (no) is thought to be involved in spatial learning and memory in several brain areas such as hippocampus. this study examined the effects of post-training intrahippocampal microinjections of 1400w as a selective inos inhibitor on spatial memory, in anesthetized and non-anesthetized situations in rats. in the present work, 4-day training trials of animals were conducted. spatial mem...

Intestinal nutrient infusions result in variable decreases in food intake and body weight based on the nutrient type and the specific intestinal infusion site. Only intrajejunal infusions of fatty acids decrease food intake beyond the calories infused. To test whether this extra-compensatory decrease in food intake is specific to fatty acids, small volume intrajejunal infusions of glucose (Glu)...

A previous study has reported the mean fluoride (F) level of decaffeinated tea infusions, 3.19 ppm, is significantly (P<0.01) higher than those of caffeinated tea infusions, 1.74 ppm. The present study is designed to determine F concentrations of coffees available in the Houston area and to determine if different types of coffee may vary in their F content. Forty different brands and types of c...