Nicotine withdrawal (NW) is both an important contributor to difficulty quitting cigarettes and because of mood-related withdrawal symptoms a problem of particular relevance to psychiatry. Twin-studies suggest that genetic factors influence NW (heritability = 45%). Only one previous linkage study has published findings on NW [Swan et al. (2006); Am J Med Genet Part B 141B:354-360; LOD = 2.7; Ch...

OBJECTIVES To explore linkage to and retention in HIV care after an episode of cryptococcal meningitis (CM) in rural South Africa. Design. A retrospective case series of adult individuals (> or = 16 years old) with laboratory-confirmed CM from January - December 2007 at Hlabisa Hospital--a district hospital in northern KwaZulu-Natal. OUTCOME MEASURES Inpatient mortality and associated risk fa...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Approximately 2% of the general population harbor intracranial aneurysms. The prognosis after rupture of an intracranial aneurysm is poor; 50% of the patients die as a result of the rupture. Familial occurrence of intracranial aneurysms suggests there are genetic factors involved in the development of such aneurysms. METHODS A large, consanguineous pedigree with 7 of 20...

The dimensional synthesis of spatial chains for a prescribed set of positions can be applied to the design of parallel robots by joining the solutions of each serial chain at the end effector. This design method does not provide with the knowledge about the trajectory between task positions and, in some cases, may yield a system with negativemobility. These problems can be avoided for some over...

Abstract One of the keys to meaningful environmental and conservation education depends on design appropriate content knowledge, enhancing ecological literacy student. Here, we scrutinize essential knowledge develop subject-specific pedagogy for teaching ecology regarding high school education. We stood qualitative research by employing R & D methods according ADDIE design. employed inducti...