Granulomas are immune cell aggregates formed in response to persistent inflammatory stimuli. Granuloma macrophage subsets are diverse and carry varying copy numbers of their genomic information. The molecular programs that control the differentiation of such macrophage populations in response to a chronic stimulus, though critical for disease outcome, have not been defined. Here, we delineate a...

Circulating macrophages are recruited to degenerating nerves in response to nerve injury to remove myelin and axonal debris, a process that is crucial for successful nerve regeneration. In this study, we demonstrate that pancreatitis-associated protein (PAP)-III is a macrophage chemoattractant that is induced in and released from injured nerves. In vitro experiments revealed that PAP-III posses...

Macrophages serve to maintain organ homeostasis in response to challenges from injury, inflammation, malignancy, particulate exposure, or infection. Until now, receptor ligation has been understood as being the central mechanism that regulates macrophage function. Using macrophages of different origins and species, we report that macrophage elasticity is a major determinant of innate macrophage...

A culture supernatant of concanavalin A-activated spleen cells (Con A supernatant) induced murine macrophages to express Ia antigens in vitro. Biochemical characterization of the Con A supernatant indicated that the macrophage Ia antigen regulatory activity shares molecular weight, pI, and hydrophobic and affinity characteristics with immune interferon (IFN-gamma). Antiserum to mouse IFN-gamma ...

Macrophage derived foam cells are actively involved in the initial phase of atherosclerosis. Uptake of modified lipoprotein such as oxidized LDL (oxLDL) is a critical step for foam cell formation. CD36 is the major receptor mediating oxLDL uptake by macrophage. However, the molecular mechanism underlying CD36 mediated oxLDL uptake remains unclear. Here we reported that IRGM1 (IRGM in human), a ...

fusion of two genes at dna level produces a single protein, known as a chimeric protein. immunotoxins are chimeric proteins composed of specific cell targeting and cell killing moieties. bacterial or plant toxins are commonly used as the killing moieties of the chimeric immunotoxins. in this investigation, the catalytic domain of shiga-like toxin (a1) was fused to human granulocyte macrophage c...

Background: Activation loop Y807F or juxtamembrane domain Y559F mutations compromise CSF-1 receptor-mediated macrophage proliferation. Results: Tyr-559 suppresses constitutive proliferative activity of Tyr-807; ligand-induced Tyr559 phosphorylation relieves this inhibition and activates pathways. Conclusion: Tyr-807 drives proliferation. Tyr-559 confers ligand dependence. Significance: How indi...