The climate system is, apart from anthropogenic forcing and other external perturbations, in a thermodynamically nonequilibrium steady-state. A major difference between fluctuations in nonequilibrium and equilibrium steady-states is that noneqilibrium steady-states violate time reversal symmetry. One manifestation is the presence of persistent probability currents, which form closed loops. In t...

Basinwide convective anomalies over the IndianOcean (IO) associated with theMadden–Julian oscillation (MJO) sometimes propagate eastward and reach the west Pacific (WP), but sometimes do not. Long-term observations and reanalysis products are used to investigate the difference between the propagating and nonpropagating MJO events. IO convection onset events associated with the MJO are grouped i...

Using 16 years of NCEP–NCAR reanalysis data on the 200-mb surface, it is shown that in the deep Tropics, the horizontal transient eddy momentum flux accelerates the zonal mean zonal wind. This acceleration is mainly due to transient eddies of intraannual and interannual timescales, and to those associated with the Madden– Julian oscillation (MJO). The interannual timescale eddy fluxes are domin...

The simulation of the Madden–Julian Oscillation (MJO) and convectively coupled equatorial waves (CCEWs) is considered in 13 state-of-the-art models from phase 6 Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6). We use frequency–wavenumber power spectra observations for Outgoing Longwave Radiation (OLR) zonal winds at 250 hPa (U250), consider historical simulations end twenty-first century projecti...

The Madden–Julian Oscillation (MJO) is a planetary-scale weather system that creates 30–60 day oscillation in zonal winds and precipitation the tropics. Its envelope of enhanced rainfall forms over Indian Ocean moves slowly eastward before dissipating near Date Line. MJO modulates tropical cyclone (TC) genesis, intensity, landfall Indian, Pacific, Atlantic Oceans. This study examines mechanisms...

Carbon dioxide (CO(2)) is the most important anthropogenic greenhouse gas in the present-day climate. Most of the community focuses on its long-term (decadal to centennial) behaviors that are relevant to climate change, but there are relatively few discussions of its higher-frequency forms of variability, and none regarding its subseasonal distribution. In this work, we report a large-scale int...

This paper describes a large cyclonic gyre that lasted several days in the northwest Pacific during July 1988. Cyclonic winds at 850 hPa extended beyond the 2000-km radius with a radius of maximum winds of 700– 800 km. The gyre exhibited clear skies within and north of its center. Active convection extended 4000 km in longitude to its south. The Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) was in its active...

Abstract. The Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) is the main controller of weather in tropics on intraseasonal timescales, and recent research provides evidence that quasi-biennial (QBO) influences MJO interannual variability. However, physical mechanisms behind this interaction are not completely understood. Recent studies normal-mode structure indicate contribution global-scale Kelvin Rossby wav...

Although recent studies have examined the responses of annual- and seasonal-mean Madden-Julian oscillation (MJO) activity to global warming, little is known about seasonal cycle changes that determine timing peak MJO influence on local weather climate. By analyzing Community Earth System Model version 2 large ensemble at end 21st century, we report in both phase amplitude precipitation over tro...