Traumatic brain injury is a serious global health problem with irreversible high morbidity and disability and Because of its unknown pathophysiological mechanisms, efficient therapeutic approaches to improve the poor outcome and long-term impairment of behavioral function are still remains lacking. The microglial cells are the resident macrophage cells of the brain and have M1/M2 phenotype, for...

TNFα is an inflammatory cytokine and the caspase and apoptotic processes can be activated by TNFα There are two classes of TNFα (solTNF and tmTNFα) which are important from the receptor aspect, so that solTNFα and tmTNFα can attach to the TNFR1, but tmTNFα just attaches to the TNFR2. Microglia cells are resident immune cells of the central nervous ...

Microglial cells are phagocytic cells of the central nervous system (CNS) and have been proposed to be a primary component of the innate immune response and maintain efficient CNS homeostasis. Microglial cells are activated during various phases of tissue repair and participate in various pathological conditions in the CNS. Following spinal cord injury (SCI), anoxemia is a key problem that resu...

Microglia is considered the only cell population of mesodermal origin, which comprises 10% of the cells in brain parenchyma. Recent neural stem cell (NSC) studies demonstrate that the brain has regenerative potential. NSCs do not give rise to microglial cells, however indicating that NSCs alone cannot complete the regenetion of the brain. Although the role of microglia is not fully understood, ...

Microglial cells spread within the nervous system by tangential and radial migration. The cellular mechanism of tangential migration of microglia has been described in the quail retina but the mechanism of their radial migration has not been studied. In this work, we clarify some aspects of this mechanism by analyzing morphological features of microglial cells at different steps of their radial...

In this study we describe the most relevant morphological features of the microglial reaction that takes place in the arcuate nucleus (AN) after neurotoxic injury induced by a single subcutaneous injection of monosodium glutamate (MSG) in neonatal rats. The time course of the reaction was evaluated by lectinhistochemistry. Microglial/macrophagic cells were labelled with the lectin obtained from...

BACKGROUND Tau dysfunction is believed to be the primary cause of neurodegenerative disorders referred to as tauopathies, including Alzheimer's disease, Pick's disease, frontotemporal dementia and Parkinsonism. The role of microglial cells in the pathogenesis of tauopathies is still unclear. The activation of microglial cells has been correlated with neuroprotective effects through the release ...

Long distance migration of microglial precursors within the central nervous system is essential for microglial colonization of the nervous parenchyma. We studied morphological features of ameboid microglial cells migrating tangentially in the developing quail retina to shed light on the mechanism of migration and migratory behavior of microglial precursors. Many microglial precursors remained a...

Microglial cells are specialized macrophage of the central nervous system responsible for innate immunity spinal cord and brain. They protect brain from invaders, microbes, demyelination, trauma remove defective neurons. For immune protection, microglial possess a significant number receptors chemical mediators that allow them to communicate rapidly specifically with all tissue. The contributio...

The postnatal development of rat microglia is marked by an important increase in the number of microglial cells and the growth of their ramified processes. We studied the role of thyroid hormone in microglial development. The distribution and morphology of microglial cells stained with isolectin B4 or monoclonal antibody ED1 were analyzed in cortical and subcortical forebrain regions of develop...