Background: P2X4 receptor (P2X4R), a purinoceptor expressed in activated spinal microglia, plays a key role in the pathogenesis of neuropathic pain. Spinal nerve injury induces up-regulation of P2X4R on activated microglia in the spinal cord, and blockade of this receptor can reduce neuropathic pain. The present study was undertaken to determine whether paroxetine, an inhibitor of P2X4R, could ...

INTRODUCTION Neuropathic pain is defined as pain arising as a direct consequence of a lesion or disease affecting the somatosensory system and is common after surgery. Neuropathic pain can persist without an obvious injury. In this study we aim to validate a murine chronic constriction injury model as a model for neuropathic pain research and determine if silk or catgut ligatures induced most s...

background: evidence indicates that neuropathic pain pathogenesis is not confined to changes in the activity of neuronal systems but involves interactions between neurons, inflammatory immune and immune-like glial cells. substances released from immune cells during inflammation play an important role in development and maintenance of neuropathic pain. it has been found that minocycline suppress...

BACKGROUND Neuropathic pain is an apparently spontaneous experience triggered by abnormal physiology of the peripheral or central nervous system, which evolves with time. Neuropathic pain arising from peripheral nerve injury is characterized by a combination of spontaneous pain, hyperalgesia and allodynia. There is no evidence of this type of pain in human infants or rat pups; brachial plexus a...

Botulinum toxin (BoNT) has been used as a treatment for excessive muscle stiffness, spasticity, and dystonia. BoNT for approximately 40 years, and has recently been used to treat various types of neuropathic pain. The mechanism by which BoNT acts on neuropathic pain involves inhibiting the release of inflammatory mediators and peripheral neurotransmitters from sensory nerves. Recent journals ha...

Transient receptor potential channels are important mediators of thermal and mechanical stimuli and play an important role in neuropathic pain. The contribution of hereditary variants in the genes of transient receptor potential channels to neuropathic pain is unknown. We investigated the frequency of transient receptor potential ankyrin 1, transient receptor potential melastin 8 and transient ...

Objective(s):Neuropathic pain is caused by lesions or diseases affecting the somatosensory system and often responds poorly to typical medications.  In this study, we evaluated anti-nociceptive effects of morphine, gabapentin and their combination on heat hyperalgesia, cold and mechanical allodynia in chronic constriction injury (CCI) model of neuropathic pain in rats. Materials and Methods: Mo...

Neuropathic Pain Neuropathic pain was originally defi ned by the International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP), in 1994, as “pain initiated or caused by a primary lesion or dysfunction in the nervous system” [57]. In 2008, Treede et al. proposed a redefi nition to “pain arising as a direct consequence of a lesion or disease aff ecting the somatosensory system” [78]. Since then, the IAS...

Neuropathic pain is characterized by hyperalgesia, allodynia and spontaneous pain. Previous studies have shown that Ski-interacting protein (SKIP) played an important role in neuronal survival and neuroprotection. However, its expression and function in neuropathic pain remains unknown. We found that the level of SKIP was increased in the spinal cord in a time dependent manner after chronic con...

Central neuropathic pain is a painful condition, often severe, that occurs in a person who is already affected by an injury or disease of the brain or spinal cord. This dual insult is especially threatening to the quality of life of a person and their ability to perform even the most basic of tasks. Despite this high level of suffering there are relatively few trials investigating the managemen...