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In this paper we present a general library to reason about floating-point numbers within the Coq system. Most of the results of the library are proved for an arbitrary floating-point format and an arbitrary base. A special emphasis has been put on proving properties for exact computing, i.e. computing without rounding errors.

The United States National Academy of Engineering's seminal work, The Engineer of 2020 – Visions of Engineering in the New Century, was written to prepare industrial, governmental, and academic institutions for the future of engineering. The authors of the report state, “Emphasis on the creative process will allow more effective leadership in the development and application of next-generation t...

We have developed a method to identify when a student essay is off-topic, i.e. the essay does not respond to the test question topic. This task is motivated by a real-world problem: detecting when students using a commercial essay evaluation system, Criterion, enter off-topic essays. Sometimes this is done in bad faith to trick the system; other times it is inadvertent, and the student has cut-...

The use of unlicensed and "off-label" medicines in children is widespread. Between 50-80% of the medicines currently administered to children have neither been tested nor authorized for their use in the paediatric population which represents approximately 25% of the whole European population. On 26 January 2007, entered into force the European Regulation of Paediatric Medicines. It aims at the ...

It is difficult to draw up a list of medicines that are essential for infants and children. It is clear, however, that many of the medicines used appropriately to treat infants and children are not licensed for such use.1 The medicines concerned may be used outside the terms of their product license, ie, used off-label, or unlicensed for use in children at any age.2 Off-label use appears to be ...

BACKGROUND Medications are frequently prescribed outside their regulatory approval (off-label) by physicians particularly where appropriate therapies are not available. However, the risk/benefit ratio of drugs in off-label use needs to be critically appraised because it may differ from approved on-label usage. Therefore, an extensive exploration of current evidence on clinical data is well-advi...

We introduce the notion of “seminar users”, who are social media users engaged in propaganda in support of a political entity. We develop a framework that can identify such users with 84.4% precision and 76.1% recall. While our dataset is from the Arab region, omitting language-specific features has only a minor impact on classification performance, and thus, our approach could work for detecti...

TREC 2005 saw the third year of the High Accuracy Retrieval from Documents (HARD) track. The HARD track explores methods for improving the accuracy of document retrieval systems, with particular attention paid to the start of the ranked list. Although it has done so in a few different ways in the past, budget realities limited the track to “clarification forms” this year. The question investiga...