A new Phosphate based glass composition was formulated and used as a host matrix for preparation of glass materials. Titanium oxide doped phosphate glasses were prepared at low melting temperature. The doping of TiO2 was varied form 0.1 mol % to 1.0 mol% during the glass formation. The effect of TiO2 content on the optical properties have been investigated. The presence of varying titanium oxid...

Bulk glass formation occurs over a very small part of phase space, and ‘good’ glasses (which form even at low quench rates ∼10 K/sec) select an even smaller part of that accessible phase space. An axiomatic theory provides the physical basis of glass formation, and identifies these sweet spots of glass formation with existence of rigid but stress-free networks for which experimental evidence is...

In the context of ultracold atoms in multimode optical cavities, the appearance of a quantum-critical glass phase of atomic spins has been predicted recently. Due to the long-range nature of the cavity-mediated interactions, but also the presence of a driving laser and dissipative processes such as cavity photon loss, the quantum optical realization of glassy physics has no analog in condensed ...

Recent developments in climate change have increased the frequency of dust storms in the Middle East. Dust storms significantly influence the performances of solar energy harvesting systems, particularly (photovoltaic) PV systems. The characteristics of the dust and the mud formed from this dust are examined using various analytical tools, including optical, scanning electron, and atomic force ...

We demonstrate optical waveguiding of a probe beam at 980 nm by a soliton beam at 780 nm in an organic photorefractive monolithic glass. Both planar and circular waveguides induced by one- and two-dimensional spatial solitons formed as a result of orientationally enhanced photorefractive nonlinearity are produced in the organic glass. Possibilities for increasing the speed of waveguide formatio...

A micro objective lens with the numerical aperture (NA) of 0.65 and clear aperture of 1.1mm was designed, fabricated, and tested for the proposed blue-light small-form-factor optical pickup head system. It adopted the finite optical conjugation and could be produced by using the glass molding technique. The experimental results verify the optical performance near the diffraction-limited focus s...

A study of the surface modification induced by single femtosecond laser pulses in phosphate glass has revealed surface swelling at fluences just below the ablation threshold. This behavior is different from that observed in other dielectric materials. Optical micrographs obtained with monochromatic light show a pattern of Newton rings within the swollen region whose number scales inversely with...

Though ubiquitous in optical microscopy, glass has long been overlooked as a specimen supporting surface for high resolution atomic force microscopy (AFM) investigations due to its roughness. Using bacteriorhodopsin from Halobacterium salinarum and the translocon SecYEG from Escherichia coli, we demonstrate that faithful images of 2D crystalline and non-crystalline membrane proteins in lipid bi...

Even scientific grade optical glasses show birefringence when small external forces are applied to the sample. Stress-induced birefringence can be particularly detrimental to the state of polarization of light when a laser beam is transmitted through the glass. This is especially the case for glass windows of a vacuum chamber. Since compensation of spatially inhomogeneous birefringence is extre...

Absorption and luminescence spectra and optical amplification in bismuth-doped germanate silicate glass were investigated. Two kinds of bismuth ion valence states could exist in the glass. One is Bi2+, which has shown red luminescence, another might be Bi+, which is the active center for infrared luminescence. The infrared luminescence excited at 700, 800, and 980 nm should be ascribed to the e...