in this article, the writer discusses the concept of modernity and its relationship with social movements, as is reflected in classical works on modernity as well as in the contemporary modern political and sociological thoughts. the purpose is not to present a quantitative analysis of the development of the concept of modernity, but to explain the relationship between modernity and political a...

The paper provides a political economy theory of the Kuznets curve. When development leads to increasing inequality, this can induce political instability and force democratization on political elites. Democratization leads to institutional changes which encourage redistribution and reduce inequality. Nevertheless, development does not necessarily induce a Kuznets curve, and it is shown that de...

nowadays, one of the main goals of each organization, person or profession is having a good image and implications associated with it, intelligence and basically a good brand. generally, political advertising and image management or management of political image has been one of the fundamental principles for democracy and modern society. planning of public image needs a careful control of infor...