Dear Editor: Miyamoto et al show that intravitreal triamcinolone reduces macular edema as early as 1 hour after injection. They suggest that the time pattern demands that nongenomic mechanisms must be involved in the therapeutic effect of triamcinolone on retinal edema. Vasogenic edema in all tissues, including the retina, may be understood in terms of Starling’s law, by which the balance of hy...

introduction: the present study used a histological evaluation method to examine the effects of pentoxifylline (ptx) on healing an experimentally-induced pressure sore in a rat model. materials and methods: there were 36 adult male rats used in this study. under general anesthesia and sterile conditions, we used forceps to create one pressure sore on each rat. a double layer of folded skin from...

When arteries are excised, they collapse and shorten spontaneously, which can result in damage to the endothelium. To determine if an intact endothelial cell layer could be preserved in excised vessels, we isolated and cannulated rat carotid artery segments (in situ length, Lis, 10-20 mm) at both ends while maintaining both transmural pressure (70 mm Hg) and Lis, while either transmural pressur...