in the commercial banking activities, efficiency is an important issue for the bank managers, monitoring part and clients. this study has appraised the efficiency performance of the commercial banks in iran. the research method has been using windows data envelopment analysis with constant and variable returns to scale and input oriented model at the period of 1991-2006. the sample of study was...

We observe spatial cost dependence among medium-sized and large U.S. banks (1998Q1–2020Q4). contribute to the literature by accounting for this using an accessible dynamic econometric model. For a movement along bank's output expansion path, we calculate returns that spillover to/from bank. The noticeable impacts of 2020 COVID pandemic are on not own returns. These suggest led smallest (largest...