Optimal Reactive Power Dispatch (ORPD) is a multi-variable problem with nonlinear constraints and continuous/discrete decision variables. Due to the stochastic behavior of loads, the ORPD requires a probabilistic mathematical model. In this paper, Monte Carlo Simulation (MCS) is used for modeling of load uncertainties in the ORPD problem. The problem is formulated as a nonlinear constrained mul...

One of the important aspects of distribution optimization problems is simultaneously, controlling the inventory while devising the best vehicle routing, which is a famous problem, called inventory-routing problem (IRP). When the lot-sizing decisions are jointed with IRP, the problem will get more complicated called production inventory-routing problem (PIRP). To become closer to the real life p...

in this paper, simultaneous placement of distributed generation, capacitor bank and protective devices are utilized to improve the efficiency of the distribution network. the objectives of the problem are reduction of active and reactive power losses, improvement of voltage profile and reliability indices and increasing distribution companies’ profit. the combination of firefly algorithm, parti...

Highly utilized railway networks require regular infrastructure maintenance. Different track sections often need to be closed for entire days carry out engineering works, which makes the timetables no longer feasible and thus adjusted services temporary alternative planned. We introduce Multimodal Alternative Services Possessions (MASP) problem support planning of services, from passenger trans...

This paper introduces the covering path problem on a grid (CPPG) which finds the costminimizing path connecting a subset of points in a grid such that each point is within a predetermined distance of a point from the chosen subset. We leverage the geometric properties of the grid graph which captures the road network structure in many transportation problems, including our motivating setting of...

Transportation in economic systems such as services, production and distribution enjoys a special and important position and provides a significant portion of the country's gross domestic product. Improvements in transportation system mean improvements in the traveling routes and the elimination of unnecessary distances in any system. The Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP) is one of the practical co...

in the deregulated power systems, transmission congestion is one of the significant and main problems of the electrical networks which can cause incremental cost in the energy. this problem has resulted to new challenging issues in different parts of power systems which there was not in the traditional systems or at least had very little importance. transmission congestion happens when the maxi...

In recent years, great efforts have been made to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by vehicles. Petroleum products produces greenhouse gas emissions, therefore reducing the use of these products can make a major contribution to reducing pollution. The Fleet Size and Mix Vehicle Routing Problem is one of the most widely used routing branches. In this problem, there are vehicle with different capac...

mobile ad hoc networks (manets) are composed of mobile stations communicating through wireless links, without any fixed backbone support. in these networks, limited power energy supply, and frequent topology changes caused by node mobility, makes their routing a challenging problem. tora is one of the routing protocols that successfully copes with the nodes’ mobility side effects, but it doesn’...