School bus routing problem has been a significant concern of most people related to school and school bus system as one of vehicle routing problems. Making an appropriate problem formulation depends on how to reflect the realities of the problem. And, as the problem scope becomes wider, the problem can’t be solved only with the exact methods. So, there is need to develop an efficient heuristic ...

School bus planning is usually divided into routing and scheduling due to the complexity of solving them concurrently. However, the separation between these two steps may lead to worse solutions with higher overall costs than that from solving them together. When finding the minimal number of trips in the routing problem, neglecting the importance of trip compatibility may increase the number o...

As a class of hard combinatorial optimization problems, the school bus routing problem has received considerable attention in the last decades. For a multi-school system, given the bus trips for each school, the school bus scheduling problem aims at optimizing bus schedules to serve all the trips within the school time windows. In this paper, we propose two approaches for solving the bi-objecti...

In this article, we study the school bus routing and scheduling problem with transfers arising in the field of nonperiodic public transportation systems. It deals with the transportation of pupils from home to their school in the morning taking the possibility that pupils may change buses into account. Allowing transfers has several consequences. On the one hand, it allows more flexibility in t...

Servicing the school transportation demand safely with a minimum number of buses is one of the highest financial goals for school transportation directors. To achieve that objective, a good and efficient way to solve the routing and scheduling problem is required. Due to the growth of the computing power, the spotlight has been shed on solving the combined problem of the school bus routing and ...