Direct experimental evidence is given to show that the traditional viewpoint of polarization reversal must be modified to include the path of consecutive non-180◦ domain switching. Using ultrasonic waves, we have successfully monitored multi-domain formation during the polarization switching cycle in a bulk single crystal 0.955Pb(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O3-0.045PbTiO3. A model is proposed for the polarizati...

A parametric loudspeaker can represent the audible sound to a narrow spatial area because of its sharper directivity. However, even in the parametric loudspeaker, acoustic reflections and intercepts become noise. To solve this problem, we have already proposed the audio spot design method based on separating emission of the carrier and sideband waves using multiple parametric loudspeakers. Howe...