In today’s era of supply chain, growing competence among suppliers together with well organized transportation networks making it more versatile and ensures better communication between buyers and suppliers with more cost effective movement of goods in shortest possible times. Suppliers frequently offers discount schedules based on all units model, which divides the range of possible order quan...

In this paper, we examine the dynamics of a supply chain that has the option of using two suppliers ± one reliable, and the other unreliable. We characterize the unreliable supplier with long lead-time mean and variance. Although the use of the unreliable supplier might potentially warrant higher inventory and transportation costs, it is attractive because of the willingness of the supplier to ...

Although there is a widespread agreement on the need to discount future costs in monetary-based evaluation techniques of long-term transportation projects, there is less agreement on the specific discount rate that should be employed in the analysis. The choice of the discount rate is ultimately a policy decision; but even when the philosophical approach is set by the policy makers and a genera...

In this paper, we concentrate on developing a bi-fuzzy multi objective transportation problem (MOSTP) according to bi-fuzzy expected value method (EVM). In a transportation model, the available discount is normally offered on items/criteria, etc., in the form all unit discount (AUD) or incremental quantity discount (IQD) or combination of these two. Here transportation model is considered with ...

due to increasingly expansion of energy consumption and also decreasing and tendency towardsending fossil energy reserves, the current energy cycle needs to use alternative energy speciallywind energy, because it’s considerably cheaper than other recycling sources. the present researchinvestigates possibility of creating wind power station economically at soltanieh zone of zanajnprovince regard...

We consider an economic lot-sizing problem with a special class of piecewise linear ordering costs, which we refer to as the class of modified all-unit discount cost functions. Such an ordering cost function represents transportation costs charged by many less-thantruckload carriers. We show that even special cases of the lot-sizing problem are NP-hard and therefore analyze the effectiveness of...

The present study first investigates the asymmetry of speedup - delay (gain and loss) and Sign Effect in Tehran Stock Exchange, then examine the effect of gender on the discount rate and explain it with the loss aversion. The sample is 403 investors in Tehran Stock Exchange, and the nonparametric Tests are used to test the research hypotheses. The research results show that there is an asymmetr...

Life cycle assessment (LCA) involves many temporal issues. It is necessary to make a clear distinction between long-term impacts and short-term impacts, especially for those structures with long service life, such as buildings. With their long service life of 50 years, a great deal of maintenance and repairs could be conducted, causing a respective environmental impact. In this paper we explore...

BACKGROUND Many Americans have diets that do not meet the dietary guidelines set by the US Department of Agriculture (USDA). Additionally, low-income people have the highest rates of obesity and have difficulty accessing the necessary foods for maintaining a healthful diet. CONTEXT In December 2007 and January 2008, 21 retail food stores in Central Falls, Rhode Island, where residents were pr...