To examine participants ratings of perceived control, a partial-replication was conducted with the addition of culture-based covariates (horizontal/vertical, individualism/collectivism). Participants believed they would perform an undesirable task for either a short (2 minutes) or long (20 minutes) time period. Proofreading length was determined by the contents of an envelope selected either by...

social interaction requires the ability to understand people’s mental states (their intentions, desires and believes). the ability for attributing mental states is called “theory of mind.” theory of mind leads the person to explain and predict behavior. researchers showed a great interest in the relation of language and mind/language and thought. some researchers focused on methodological conce...

the present study aims to investigate the system of the visual transitivity by analyzing the images of american english file (2014) and cutting edge (2005) series based on halliday’s (1976) systemic functional linguistics and kress and van leuween’s (1997-2006) social semiotics. the system of visual transitivity refers to a type of process which determines how represented participants are label...

linda zagzebski presents a new kind of foundational moral theory in her exemplarist virtue theory which exemplary persons have considered as the foundation. in this theory all of the basic moral concepts such as good ends and right acts are defined by direct reference to paradigmatically good person. one of the most important consequences of this theory is that moral propositions are a posterio...

the ideal theory is plato’s most important philosophical view involving his allegory of the cave. he tried much to explain this theory and present arguments in order to prove it. however, his views on the proof arguments and the concrete materials with ideals suffer from shortcomings. the present paper argues that the critiques of aristotle, avicenna, and allamah tabatabaee against this theory ...

plato in theory of philosopher-king believes that all of the members of ideal city-state, whether ruler or citizens, will attain happiness if the philosopher is the ruler. but there are paradoxes in the theory and the bases of the happiness are unstable too. in other words, plato in his theory presents hierarchical dualities (intelligible/visible world, episteme/ doxa,true/ untrue or shadow, …)...