neuromyelitis optica (nmo) is an autoimmune inflammatory disease of the central nervous system with preferential involvement in the optic nerve and spinal cord with a widespread spectrum of clinical features; multiple therapeutic agents have been used with different results. recent evidence points to b?cell?mediated humoral immunity in the pathogenesis of nmo. rituximab targets the cd20 antigen...

newcastle disease virus (ndv) is known as one of the most important endemic viral pathogen for various avian species such as ostrich, in iran. therefore, establishing a routine vaccination program against nd in ostrich flocks would be useful in order to reduce the danger of this infection. newcastle disease occurs among the ostriches and leads to high rate of mortality while most of the losses ...

the enterotoxins (ets) of clostridium perfringens isolated from enterotoxemic or diarrheic alpacas, pigs, calves, dogs, and horses were obtained from sporulated cell extracts. the ets from alpaca, pig, and calf isolates were chromatographed on sephadex g-loo. monoclonal antibodies (mabs) against ets derived from alpaca, pig, and calf c. perfringens isolates were produced. the mabs were used in ...

conclusions basidomes collected from four locations in thailand had low genetic variation and their extracts inhibited the growth of all tested bacteria. the health benefits of this edible species should be evaluated further. background boletus griseipurpureus corner, an edible mushroom, is a putative ectomycorrhizal fungus. currently, the taxonomic boundary of this mushroom is unclear and its ...

background: streptokinase, which is injected intravenously with a standard dose of 1.5 miu, is the most widely used thrombolytic agent around the world. what is so important about this bioproduct is the level of antistreptokinase (anti-sk) antibody in the population, which is directly correlated to the incidence of streptococcal infections in that population. objective: since iran is an endemic...

background: infection is now the most common cause of morbidity in systemic lupus erythematosus (sle). there is lack of information regarding the specific antibody forma-tion in response to vaccines in young sle patients. objective: to determine the efficacy of anti-tetanus antibody response in young patients with sle. methods: forty sle pa-tients with mean age of 14.1 years (range: 7-21) and 6...

background: preeclampsia (pe) is a pregnancy specific syndrome that is associated with high maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. glucose regulated protein78 (grp78) is an endoplasmic reticulum (er) protein which is expressed on the cell surfaces of trophoblast cells under stress or hypoxic condition. grp78 has a role in aggressive behavior of invasive cells and may play a role in normal ...

background hepatitis b virus (hbv) infection is a major public health problem that affects billions of people worldwide. the lack of information on hbv prevalence among the general population is an obstacle to formulate effective policies to reduce the burden of viral hepatitis. objectives this population based serological survey was conducted in kermanshah province to determine the local preva...