BACKGROUND Early disruption of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) due to severe ischemia can be detected by MRI T2* permeability imaging. In middle cerebral artery (MCA) infarction, pretreatment T2* permeability derangements have been found in 22% of patients and are powerful predictors of hemorrhagic transformation after revascularization therapy. The frequency, clinical correlates, and relation to...

The function of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) related to chronic pain has been explored for its classical role in regulating the transcellular and paracellular transport, thus controlling the flow of drugs that act at the central nervous system, such as opioid analgesics (e.g., morphine) and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Nonetheless, recent studies have raised the possibility that chan...

Introduction: Blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption as well as perihematomal injury and edema are commonly observed as a result of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). BBB injury is potentially an important pathophysiological factor in secondary brain injury caused by ICH [1]. The aim of this study was to detect changes in BBB permeability and quantify BBB injury following acute ICH by us...

BLOOD-BRAIN BARRIER PERMEABILITY STUDIES Ross Booth and Hanseup Kim Electrical and Computer Engineering, Bioengineering University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT ABSTRACT The blood-brain barrier (BBB) blocks most compounds from entering the central nervous system (CNS), limiting the success rate of new treatments of CNS disease. Insight needed to overcome these limitations can be gained through in...

Hypoglycemia impairs blood-brain barrier (BBB) endothelial function; a major hallmark in the pathogenesis of various CNS disorders. Previously, we have demonstrated that prolonged hypoglycemic exposure down-regulated BBB endothelial NF-E2 related factor-2 (Nrf2) expression; a redox-sensitive transcriptional factor that regulates endothelial function. Here, we sought to determine the functional ...

INTRODUCTION Multiple sclerosis (MS) disease activity is associated with blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption, which is mediated by inflammatory cytokines released by CD4+ lymphocytes. To assess the effects of adenosine A2A receptors on BBB permeability in vitro and in vivo. METHODS A2A receptor expression was detected by immunostaining in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) C57BL...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE BBB disruption after acute ischemic stroke and subsequent permeability increase may be enhanced by reperfusion. Agmatine has been reported to attenuate BBB disruption. Our aim was to evaluate the effects of agmatine on BBB stabilization in a rat model of transient cerebral ischemia by using permeability dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging at early stages and subsequently...

Article history: Received 23 October 2007 Received in revised form 21 February 2008 Accepted 25 February 2008 Available online xxxx EC TE D PR Reproductive hormones have been demonstrated tomodulate both gapand tight-junctionprotein expression in reproductive tissues and endometrium,however the effects of changes in reproductive hormoneson the selective permeability of the blood-brain barrier (...

Reproductive hormones have been demonstrated to modulate both gap and tight junction protein expression in the ovary and other reproductive tissues, however the effects of changes in reproductive hormones on the selective permeability of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) remain unclear. Age-related declines in BBB integrity correlate with the loss of serum sex steroids and increase in gonadotropins...

Loss of blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity is believed to be an early and significant event in lesion pathogenesis in the inflammatory demyelinating disease multiple sclerosis (MS), and understanding mechanisms involved may lead to novel therapeutic avenues for this disorder. Well-differentiated endothelium forms the basis of the BBB, while astrocytes control the balance between barrier stabil...