The cytoplasmic Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)](i)) is an important factor determining the functional state of blood-brain barrier (BBB) endothelial cells but little is known on the effect of dynamic [Ca(2+)](i) changes on BBB function. We applied different agonists that trigger [Ca(2+)](i) oscillations and determined the involvement of connexin channels and subsequent effects on endothelial per...

Introduction The blood-brain barrier (BBB) plays a crucial role in protecting the brain from the entry of various neurotoxic or neuroactive agents. Impaired BBB function has been implicated in a variety of diseases including multiple sclerosis and traumatic brain injury for both pathogenesis and disease progression. Therefore, non-invasive in vivo measurement of BBB permeability is of importanc...

The effect of vitamin E on the blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability was studied under conditions of pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced convulsions in aged (23to 24-month-old) male albino rats; Evans Blue was used as a tracer. The BBB permeability was found to considerably increase in rats with PTZ-evoked seizures; the Evans Blue contents in the left and right hemispheres and cerebellum + brains...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Increased blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability, brain edema, and hemorrhage are important consequences of cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST). The objective of this study was to define the role of the protein C pathway in the BBB permeability and edema elicited by experimental CVST. The role of neutrophil recruitment was also evaluated. METHODS Edema, BBB permeabi...

OBJECTIVES Cognitive defects such as learning and memory impairment are amongst the most repetitious sequelae after sever and moderate traumatic brain injury (TBI). It was suggested that ellagic acid (EA), an innate phenol product, display neuroprotective properties against oxidative and inflammatory damages after brain injury. The object of the current study was therapeutic properties of EA on...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Increased blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability occurs in cerebral small vessel disease. It is not known if BBB changes predate progression of small vessel disease. METHODS We followed-up patients with nondisabling lacunar or cortical stroke and BBB permeability magnetic resonance imaging after their original stroke. Approximately 3 years later, we assessed functional ...

Changes in the large neutral amino acid (LNAA) transport across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is thought to contribute to brain dysfunction in a number of clinical conditions, including phenylketonuria, acute liver failure, and sepsis. Here, we present a novel approach for estimating BBB permeability and the LNAA concentrations in brain extracellular fluid, by demonstrating that they can be mat...

Silver-haired bat rabies virus (SHBRV) infection induces a strong virus-specific immune response in the periphery of the host, but death is common due to the failure to open the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and deliver immune effectors to central nervous system (CNS) tissues. Mice with an SJL background are less susceptible to lethal infection with rabies viruses. In addition, these animals are kn...

An in vitro blood-brain barrier (BBB) model being composed of co-culture with endothelial (bEnd.3) and astrocyte-like (ALT) cells was established to evaluate the toxicity and permeability of Ag nanoparticles (AgNPs; 8nm) and TiO2 nanoparticles (TiO2NPs; 6nm and 35nm) in normal and inflammatory central nervous system. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was pre-treated to simulate the inflammatory response...

OBJECTIVES The cytokines interleukin (IL)-1beta and IL-6 are modulators of the neuroimmune axis and have been implicated in neuronal cell death cascades after ischemia or infection. Previous work has shown that some cross-species conservation exists between human and rodent blood-brain barrier (BBB) transport systems. To further assess cross-species conservation of cytokine transport across the...