objective(s): brain edema is one of the most serious causes of death within the first few days after trauma brain injury (tbi). in this study we have investigated the role of shilajit on brain edema, blood-brain barrier (bbb) permeability, intracranial pressure (icp) and neurologic outcomes following brain trauma.   materials and methods: diffuse traumatic brain trauma was induced in rats by dr...

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a network formed mainly by brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs). The integrity of the BBB is critical for brain function. Breakdown of the BBB is commonly seen in AIDS patients with HIV-1-associated dementia despite the lack of productive HIV infection of the brain endothelium. The processes by which HIV causes these pathological conditions are not well...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Most experimental models of cerebral ischemia use mechanical methods of occlusion and reperfusion. However, differences between mechanical reperfusion versus clot thrombolysis may influence reperfusion injury profiles. In this study we compared blood flow recovery, blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability, and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) expression in cortex after me...

The aim was to study the blood-brain permeability according to the distribution in the rat brain of Evans blue (EB) and sodium fluorescein (NaFl) administered by an intracarotid injection. Eighteen animals were divided into six groups according to the state of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) at the moment when the dyes were being applied. In the first two groups, the BBB was intact, in groups 3 a...

A series of seven BODIPYs functionalized with ortho-carborane groups at the 8(meso) or 3/5(α) position were synthesized and characterized by NMR, HRMS, HPLC, and in the cases of 2b and 5b, by X-ray analysis. The BODIPYs exhibited low dark toxicity and phototoxicity toward human glioma T98G cells, and their cellular uptake varied significantly, with 5b accumulating the most and 7 the least. All ...

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is the leading cause of mortality and disability among male adolescents and young adults; and mild traumatic brain injury is the most common type of traumatic brain injury. The disruption of blood-brain barrier (BBB) plays an important role in brain trauma. Previously, we have found that slit2, a member of slit protein family, increases permeability of BBB. In the p...

Abstract Aim Blood brain barrier (BBB) integrity in neurological disease is tested with gadolinium-enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). Pathology studies have shown gadolinium deposits brains intact BBBs, thus raising concern. We propose a novel use of Arterial Spin Labelling (ASL) –a MRI technique which ‘tags’ blood-water making it tracer– as safer alternative assessing BBB permeability....

Introduction: An arterial input function (AIF), plasma concentration versus time curve, for an MR contrast agent (MRCA) is used to estimate the blood–brain barrier (BBB) permeability of microvessels and several other vascular related parameters. In dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI), an intravenous step-down infusion (SDI) procedure that maintains a constant gadolinium-diethylenetriaminepe...

This communication describes a novel in vitro blood-brain barrier (BBB) model: organotypic slice cultures from the central nervous system were overlaid on endothelial cell monolayers grown on permeable membranes. Morphological, electrophysiological, and microdialysis approaches were carried out to characterize and validate this model. After 10 days in coculture, morphological studies reveal the...

Encephalitis and dementia associated with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) are characterized by leukocyte infiltration into the CNS, microglia activation, aberrant chemokine expression, blood– brain barrier (BBB) disruption, and eventual loss of neurons. Little is known about whether human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) infection of leukocytes affects their ability to transmigrate in...