SUMMARY Hemorrhagic transformation is a serious potential complication of ischemic stroke with damage to the BBB as one of the contributing mechanisms. BBB permeability measurements extracted from PCT by using the Patlak model can provide a valuable assessment of the extent of BBB damage. Unfortunately, Patlak assumptions require extended PCT acquisition, increasing the risk of motion artifacts...

Objective: Several studies have demonstrated that compromised blood–brain barrier (BBB) integrity may play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of individual cerebral small vessel disease (cSVD) markers, but the association between BBB permeability and total magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) cSVD burden remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between BBB permeability and ...

OBJECTIVE To study the association among endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), subacute blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability, and clinical outcome after ischemic stroke, determining the micro RNAs of EPCs responsible for good clinical outcome. METHODS We included consecutive patients with nonlacunar acute ischemic strokes in the territory of a middle cerebral artery and ages between 18 and 8...

The brain is protected from the entry of foreign substances by blood-brain barrier (BBB), but becomes a barrier while chemotherapy is needed for the brain diseases. Ultrasound with microbubbles (MBs) has been shown to noninvasively increase the permeability of the BBB in the normal tissue and brain tumor. The real mechanism for disruption is still unknown. Hemorrhage was usually found in the so...

Pivotal to brain development and function is an intact blood-brain barrier (BBB), which acts as a gatekeeper to control the passage and exchange of molecules and nutrients between the circulatory system and the brain parenchyma. The BBB also ensures homeostasis of the central nervous system (CNS). We report that germ-free mice, beginning with intrauterine life, displayed increased BBB permeabil...

Acute phase C-reactive protein (CRP), raised in obesity and inflammation, is a main binding protein for leptin. It is assumed that CRP contributes to leptin confrontation by preventing leptin from crossing the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Here we defined how CRP cooperates with the BBB and whether it deters leptin from attainment CNS targets. CRP was constant in blood, but did not permeate the BB...

OBJECTIVES To investigate whether blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability is disrupted in normal appearing white matter in MS patients, when compared to healthy controls and whether it is correlated with MS clinical characteristics. METHODS Dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI was used to measure BBB permeability in 27 patients with MS and compared to 24 matched healthy controls. RESULTS Permeabili...

Despite the use of anti-retroviral therapies, a majority of HIV-infected individuals still develop HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorders (HAND), indicating that host inflammatory mediators, in addition to viral proteins, may be contributing to these disorders. Consistently, we have previously shown that levels of the inflammatory mediator soluble CD40L (sCD40L) are elevated in the circulation...

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) limits brain uptake of therapeutic antibodies. It is believed that the BBB is disrupted in Alzheimer's disease (AD), potentially increasing drug permeability de facto. Here we compared active versus passive brain uptake of systemically dosed antibodies (anti-transferrin receptor [TfR] bispecific versus control antibody) in mouse models of AD. We first confirmed BBB...

Introduction: Development of brain edema following focal cerebral ischemia exacerbates primary ischemic injury. Blood brain barrier (BBB) opening is an important part of edema named as vasogenic brain edema. In this study, quantitative alterations of BBB permeability is experimentally evaluated using transient focal cerebral ischemia in the rat. Methods: Two groups of male rats (ischemic and sh...