An investigation into the nitrogen chemistry of the anoxic layer of an urban constructed wetland in Singapore was conducted. This pilot-scale wetland treats stormwater runoff from the Balam Estate housing development for several water quality parameters of concern, including nitrate. Earlier sampling in the wetland had indicated that the concentration of nitrate was lower in the outflow from th...

Bioretention cells, or rain gardens, can effectively reduce many contaminants in polluted stormwater through phytoremediation and bioremediation. The vegetated soil structure develops bacterial communities both within the around vegetation roots that play a significant role bioremediative process. Prediction of bioretention cell’s performance efficacy is essential to design process, operation, ...

Bioretention is considered one of the best management practices (BMPS) for managing stormwater quality and quantity. The bioretention system has proven good performance in removing total suspended solids, oil, heavy metals. nitrogen (N) removal efficiency insufficient, however, due to complex forms nitrogen. Therefore, this paper aims review recent enhancement approaches discuss factors influen...

Bioretention areas are a common form of green stormwater infrastructure (GSI). There is significant research on the performance individual bioretention cells, but watershed-scale benefits GSI still unclear. Furthermore, differences in design and rainfall patterns make it difficult to compare results between studies. We used Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) assess effects size, soil infiltrat...