This paper describes a series of experiments aimed at producing a bot tom-up parser that will produce partial parses suitable for use in robust interpretation and still be reasonably efficient. In the course of these experiments, we improved parse times by a factor of 18 over our first a t tempt, ending with a system that was twice as fast as our previous parser, which relied on strong top-down...

Our investigation involves an analysis of the miscues made by both native speakers and non-native speakers of English while reading aloud in English. The results of our miscue analysis support there being one common underlying reading process in both first and second languages involving the active construction of meaning through the application of both top-down and bottom-up strategies. Languag...

The current research examines individual differences in flexible emotional attention. In two experiments, we investigated the relationship between individual differences in cardiac vagal tone and top-down and bottom-up processes associated with emotional attention. To help determine the role of cortical and subcortical mechanisms underlying top-down and bottom-up emotional attention, fearful fa...

Most adults and children in cultures where reading text progresses from left to right also count objects from the left to the right side of space. The reverse is found in cultures with a right-to-left reading direction. The current set of experiments investigated whether vertical counting in the horizontal plane is also influenced by reading direction. Participants were either from a left-to-ri...

Anxiety is one of the affective factors that have effects on Chinese college students’ English reading comprehension. The study aims to investigate some causes of Chinese college students having English reading anxiety with the help of questionnaires and interview with some subjects, which may help them find out some useful and practical strategies to overcome it. After careful analysis of the ...

Human information processing depends critically on continuous predictions about upcoming events, but the temporal convergence of expectancy-based top-down and input-driven bottom-up streams is poorly understood. We show that, during reading, event-related potentials differ between exposure to highly predictable and unpredictable words no later than 90 ms after visual input. This result suggests...

A prevalence-based cost-of-illness study using a societal perspective was conducted to investigate the cost-of-illness in clinically anxious youth aged 8-18 in The Netherlands. Discriminant validity of the cost diary used was obtained by comparing costs of families with an anxious child (n = 118) to costs of families from the general population (n = 41). To examine the convergent validity, bott...

Graph languages defined by hyperedge replacement grammars can be NP-complete. We study predictive shift-reduce (PSR) parsing for a subclass of these grammars, which generalizes the concepts of SLR(1) string parsing to graphs. PSR parsers run in linear space and time. In comparison to the predictive top-down (PTD) parsers recently developed by the authors, PSR parsing is more efficient and more ...

We present a tabular interpretation for a class of 2{Stack Automata that may be used to describe bottom-up parsing strategies for TAGs. The results are also useful for tabulating other existing bottom-up automata models for this kind of languages.