in this paper a two-stage supply chain with a buyer and seller have been studied. it is assumed that lead time is probabilistic and demand is fixed. in the decentralized model it can be observed each supply chain member try to make the decision to maximize their profits and it will effect on the other members of supply chain and in the comparison with centralized model with assuming the seller ...

In this paper, using supply chain operational reference, the reliability evaluation of available relationships in supply chain is investigated. For this purpose, in the first step, the chain under investigation is divided into several stages including first and second suppliers, initial and final customers, and the producing company. Based on the formed relationships between t...

A method of multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was developed for the simultaneous detection of Citrus yellow mosaic virus (CYMV) and fastidious Citrus greening bacterium, Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLa) in sweet orange trees. Initially total DNA from individual CLa and CYMV infected citrus plants were mixed and both pathogens were detected simultaneously by multiplex PCR. Subsequ...

today, due to the direct and reverse logistics plays an important role in reducing the costs in supply chain. in this paper, in order to provide a closed-loop supply chain network including supply centers, production, distribution, collection, recycling and disposal of a used linear mixed integer programming. this paper to consider multi-period and multi-product in multi-level supply chain and ...

The revenue management concept and techniques are applied to model the coordination of supply chain elements. The fundamental premise of this approach is synchronization of a group of business entities consist-ing of a manufacturer and multiple suppliers to achieve an optimal supply chain capacity plans. The output of the supply chain can be various products and thus it is measured in terms of ...

in a recent paper in this journal, yang et al. [feng yang, dexiang wu,liang liang, gongbing bi & desheng dash wu (2009), supply chaindea:production possibility set and performance evaluation model] definedtwo types of supply chain production possibility set which were proved to beequivalent to each other. they also proposed a new model for evaluatingsupply chains. there are, however, some short...

undoubtedly, more attention is being made in the word service and industries that can be learnt from manufacturing for improving its production out puts and their associated quality and cost. these include such lean production, jit, tqm, and the relationship between buyer, supplier and finally the customer satisfaction. the main purpose of this paper is to explore the relationship between three...

'Mexican' lime (Citrus aurantifolia Swingle) was transformed with constructs that contained chimeric promoter-gus gene fusions of phloem-specific rolC promoter of Agrobacterium rhizogenes, Arabidopsis thaliana sucrose-H(+) symporter (AtSUC2) gene promoter of Arabidopsis thaliana, rice tungro bacilliform virus (RTBV) promoter and sucrose synthase l (RSs1) gene promoter of Oryza sativa (rice). Hi...

Supply chain management is the combination of art and science that goes into improving the supply chain. In some cases of supply chain especially two-stage process, differing weights for the same factors, may not acceptable. The purpose of this paper is a performance evaluation of two-stage using DEA and based on a CSW model and this method for ranking two-stage and could be used to measure the...

The construction project is a business full of risk in every process due to its complexity, changes, and involvement from various stakeholders. One of the critical risks in the construction project is in the supply chain. Identifying and assessing the risk with the right tools and methods in that area will inevitably affect the success of the project. Unfortunately, the research for the tools a...