regional agreements can facilitate the integration of world economies by opening the borders to the trade development while accelerating technological changes and maintaining the economic growth. trade potential is defined as the trade that could be achieved at an optimum trade frontier with the open and frictionless trade possible through regional agreements based on the current level of trade...

We consider a model in which Cournot-Nash oligopolistic service providers are able to trade radio spectrum licences, subject to interference constraints. The terms of trade are endogenised through Nash bargaining. When the providers are in the same (geographical) market, the incentive to trade is due to cost differences; when they are in separate markets, differential demand conditions can also...

If cost reductions produce a cost-quality trade-off, healthcare policy makers need to be more circumspect about the use of cost-effective initiatives. Additional empirical evidence about the relationship between cost and quality is needed to design a value-based payment system. We examined the association between cost and quality performances for acute myocardial infarction (AMI) care at the ho...

A two-country model of oligopoly in general equilibrium is used to show how changes in market structure accompany the process of trade and capital market liberalisation. The model predicts that bilateral mergers in which low-cost firms buy out higher-cost foreign rivals are profitable under Cournot competition. With symmetric countries, welfare may rise or fall, though the distribution of incom...

A deterministic inventory model with two levels of storage (own warehouse and rented warehouse) with non-instantaneous deteriorating items is studied. The supplier offers the retailer a trade credit period to settle the amount. Different scenarios based on the deterioration and the trade credit period have been considered. In this article, we have framed two models considering single warehouse ...

-It is demonstrated that usual time-memory trade-offs offer no asymptotic advantage over exhaustive search. Instead, trade-offs between time, memory, and parallel processing are proposed. Using this approach it is shown that most searching problems allow a trade-off between C,, the cost per solution, and C,,,, the cost of the machine: doubling C,,, increases the solution rate by a factor of fou...

According to the current Airport planning and design practices, for a given demand level there is a corresponding space requirement. While in practice, there are always trade-offs between cost and levels of service, labor and automation, equipment and fixed facilities, and expansion of existing facilities and the addition of new ones. In this research, the airport passenger Terminal Building (P...

This paper presents a computational framework for optimal design of non-prismatic reinforced concrete box girder bridges. The variables include the geometry of the cross section, tapered length, concrete strength and reinforcement of box girders and slabs. These are obtained by the enhanced colliding bodies optimization algorithm to optimizing the cost and again CO2 emission. Loading and design...

We characterize the price-transparency role of benchmarks in over-the-counter markets. A benchmark can, under conditions, raise total social surplus by increasing the volume of beneficial trade, facilitating more efficient trade matching between dealers and customers, and reducing total search costs. Although the improvement in market transparency caused by benchmarks lowers dealer profit margi...

It is generally accepted that the three major dimensions of project success are time, budget, and quality. Most of the research in project planning is focused on the time-cost trade-off, and only a few papers have considered the three dimensions together. This paper describes the evolution of formulations for optimising project time-cost and quality, and continues by developing a new, non-linea...