multiple sclerosis (ms) is characterized by multiple areas of inflammation, demyelination and neurodegeneration. infiltrating th1 cd4+ t cells secrete proinflammatory cytokines. they stimulate the release of some cytokines, expression of adhesion molecules and these cytokines may cause damage to the myelin sheath and axons. in this study, we analyzed plasma levels and gene expressions of five i...

background:  new discoveries about the pathophysiology changed the concept that all forms of osteoarthritis are alike; this lead to the delineation of different phenotypes such as age, trauma or obese related forms. we aim to compare soluble mediator profiles in primary knee and posttraumatic wrist osteoarthritis. based on the general faster progression rate of wrist osteoarthritis, we hypothes...

introduction: cytokines are a large group of proteins play a key role in inflammation. down-regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines has beneficial effect on heart function. propranolol, as a non selective beta-adrenergic blocker, has been extensively used for treatment of many cardiovascular problems such as arrhythmias and heart malfunction. in addition anti-inflammatory effects of propranolo...

chronic pain is a prevalent and debilitating condition, conveying immense human burden. suffering from chronic pain is not only caused by painful symptomatology, but also through a wide range of psychopathological and physical consequences, including depression and anxiety disorders, impaired sleep and cognition, cardiovascular morbidity and impaired sexual function, all contributing to diminis...

background: endometriosis is a frequent gynecologic disease with a severe impact on the quality of life in the affected women; its pathogenesis is yet to be fully understood, with an altered immunity as a possible key factor. the present study aimed to investigate the serum anti-inflammatory cytokine profile in the patients with endometriosis compared with the healthy controls. materials and me...

background: although many experimental studies provide convincing evidence that type ii immunity is protective against helminths, recent data in mice demonstrate that th1 is also impor-tant in some cestodes like hymenolepis nana. objective: to identify the role of th1 and th2 lymphocytes in immunity against h. nana, the levels of il-12, ifnγ, il-5, and il-13 were de-termined in serum of humans ...