A formulation of learning in dynamic decision-making tasks is developed, building on the application of control theory to the study of human performance in dynamic decision making and a connectionist approach to motor control. The formulation is implemented as a connectionist model and compared with human subjects in learning a simulated dynamic decision-making task. When the model is pretraine...

Risky decision making is a complex process that involves weighing the probabilities of alternative options that can be desirable, undesirable, or neutral. Individuals vary greatly in how they make decisions either under ambiguity and/or under risk. Such individual differences may have genetic bases. Based on previous studies on the genetic basis of decision making, two decision making tasks [i....

aggregation operators (aos) have been studied by many schol- ars. as many aos are proposed, there is still lacking approach to classify the categories of ao, and to select the appropriate ao within the ao candidates. in this research, each ao can be regarded as a cognitive style or individual dierence. a cognitive style and aggregation operator (csao) model is pro- posed to analyze the mapping ...

INTRODUCTION Patients with moderate or severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) may show impairment in decision- making processes. The Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) has become a widely used neuropsychological research tool to investigate decision-making by simulating real-life decision-making in terms of uncertainty, reward, and punishment. OBJECTIVE Investigate decision-making in patients with moderat...

INTRODUCTION The present study sought to examine two methods by which to improve decision making on the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT): inducing a negative mood and providing additional learning trials. METHOD In the first study, 194 undergraduate students [74 male; M age = 19.44 (SD = 3.69)] were randomly assigned to view a series of pictures to induce a positive, negative, or neutral mood immedia...

introduction: to run a hospital effectively, managers need to have proper decision-making strategies. the managers' decision-making strategies and the staff's job satisfaction are two major factors that allow the manager to achieve the planned objectives. therefore, in this paper, these two factors were studied. methods and materials: it was a descriptive study in which the population of the st...

There are several errors in the references within the Materials and Methods, Results, and Discussion sections of the manuscript. The corrected sentences that include updated references are below. Materials and Methods: In the first paragraph after Equation 1, the sentence should read: ‘‘The reward received after taking action a in state s is described by a state-action pair value Q(s,a), which ...

Individual differences in affective decision making were examined by recording event-related potentials (ERPs) while 74 typically developing 8-year-olds (38 boys, 36 girls) completed a 4-choice gambling task (Hungry Donkey Task; E. A. Crone & M. W. van der Molen, 2004). ERP results indicated: (a) a robust P300 component in response to feedback (punishment vs. reward outcomes), (b) anticipation ...

Previous single-unit recordings in monkeys showed that essential information regarding a decision is available earlier to posterior parietal cortex than expected based on simultaneously measured behavioral response times (RTs). We propose that this observation reflects a tendency of the brain to reduce RT variability in repetitive response sequences. To test this, we studied the effects of expe...

Individuals bring knowledge, implicit theories, and goal orientations to group meetings. Group decisions arise out of the exchange of these orientations. This research explores how a trainee's exploratory and deliberate process (an incremental theory and learning goal orientation) impacts the effectiveness of individual and group decision-making processes. The effectiveness of this training pro...