We empirically address the question of how stock prices respond to changes in demand. We quantify the relations between price change G over a time interval Deltat and two different measures of demand fluctuations: (a) Phi, defined as the difference between the number of buyer-initiated and seller-initiated trades, and (b) Omega, defined as the difference in number of shares traded in buyer- and...

This paper investigates the use of electricity demand response as a new measure for fast reserves inside of an autonomous (islanded) microgrid during different operating conditions including frequency controlled disturbance and normal ones. It is worth noting that demand response programs using under-frequency relays to shed the loads is used in the past, but these programs have, however, mainl...