We measured the tetanus and diphtheria antitoxin responses after administration of one dose of a mixed carrier (tetanus and diphtheria toxoids) 11-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PncDT) in 20 Finnish adults (mean age 26.1 years) and 20 Finnish (mean age 23.2 months) and 23 Israeli (mean age 18.5 months) toddlers. The vaccinees had previously been immunised with multiple doses of vaccines...

Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) has the potential to interact with other vaccines containing diphtheria toxin-like antigens (such as those found in the DTP vaccine) upon sequential administration. This is attributed to the similarity of the diphtheria toxoid antigen to the carrier protein used to make PCV, (known as cross reactive material [CRM]) to diphtheria toxin 197 or CRM197. The inte...

INTRODUCTION Vaccinations in school-aged children are required by state and local law to maintain high vaccination coverage rates, as well as low rates of vaccine-preventable diseases. Diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis are childhood diseases that can be life threatening; poliomyelitis, another childhood disease, can be disabling. In turn, vaccinations were developed to provide protection again...

Discussion It is not easy to reconcile these findings with those obtained in the early days of diphtheria immunization when F.T. was extensively used with definite clinical success. It is possible that the reason for the poor immunizing action of the present-day F.T. is the fact that it is prepared in a highly purified form, whereas the F.T. used in the early days undoubtedly contained many imp...

Vaccinations are recommended throughout life to prevent vaccine-preventable diseases and their sequelae. Adult vaccination coverage, however, remains low for most routinely recommended vaccines and well below Healthy People 2020 targets. In October 2012, the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) approved the adult immunization schedule for 2013. Apart from influenza vaccination, w...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Because the effectiveness of diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis (DTaP) vaccine wanes substantially after the fifth dose at ages 4 to 6 years, there is a growing cohort of adolescents who rely on tetanus toxoid, reduced diphtheria toxoid, and acellular pertussis (Tdap) for protection against pertussis. Yet despite high Tdap vaccine coverage among adolescents, Califor...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the safety of infant immunization with acellular pertussis vaccines in the United States. BACKGROUND The US Food and Drug Administration approved the first acellular pertussis vaccine for use in infants in the United States on July 31, 1996. OUTCOME MEASURES Adverse events in the United States after infant immunization with pertussis-containing vaccines, representing t...

OBJECTIVES To describe the epidemiology of infant pertussis in King County, Washington, and to better understand the implications for tetanus toxoid, reduced diphtheria toxoid, and acellular pertussis (Tdap) vaccination among older children, adolescents, and adults. DESIGN Retrospective analysis of reported pertussis cases among infants younger than 1 year, January 1, 2002, through December 3...

Vaccination prevents around 2–3 million deaths worldwide every year from infectious diseases such as diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, influenza and measles​[1]​. Despite the efficacy of vaccines, vaccine hesitancy — belief that a may be unnecessary, ineffective or unsafe is common (reported in more than 90 countries, at all income levels), growing to […]