Regulatory T (Tregs) cells play an important role in mediating tolerance to self-antigens but can also mediate detrimental tolerance to tumours and pathogens in a Foxp3-dependent manner. Genetic tools exploiting the foxp3 locus including bacterial artificial chromosome- (BAC-) transgenic DEpletion of REGulatory T cells (DEREG) mice have provided essential information on Treg biology and the pot...

Although there are several excellent indexes of myocardial contractility, they require accurate measurement of pressure via left ventricular (LV) catheterization. Here we validate a novel noninvasive contractility index that is dependent only on lumen and wall volume of the LV chamber in patients with normal and compromised LV ejection fraction (LVEF). By analysis of the myocardial chamber as a...

Let i = Es∼di π∗ [eπ̂(s)] for i = 1, 2, . . . , T the expected 0-1 loss at time i of π̂, such that = 1 T ∑T i=1 i. Note that t corresponds to the probability that π̂ makes a mistake under distribution dπ∗ . Let pt represent the probability π̂ hasn’t made a mistake (w.r.t. π∗) in the first tstep, and dt the distribution of state π̂ is in at time t conditioned on the fact it hasn’t made a mistake so f...

Study Design Retrospective cohort study. Objectives Describe the rate of dural tears (DTs) in adult spinal deformity (ASD) surgery. Describe the risk factors for DT and the impact of this complication on clinical outcomes. Methods Patients with ASD undergoing surgery between 2008 and 2014 were separated into DT and non-DT cohorts; demographics, operative details, radiographic, and clinical ...

Since final mitral valve (MV) closure and aortic ejection velocity are mediated by the same forces in early left ventricular (LV) contraction, the rate of final MV closure (BC slope) should reflect LV performance. We first verified whether peak final closing velocity (ds/dt) of the anterior MV leaflet (AMVL) is related to peak aortic ejection velocity (V) and LV dp/dt in 18 open-chest dogs. We ...

DTS-II is a highly diphtheria toxin (DT)-sensitive cell line previously isolated by transfection of wild-type DT-resistant mouse L-M(TK-) cells with the cDNA encoding a monkey Vero cell DT receptor. DTS-II cells are as toxin-sensitive as Vero cells, have approximately 3-fold more receptors than Vero cells, and have approximately 10-fold lower affinity for DT than Vero cells. We now cotransfecte...

Conformational changes of poly(dA-dT) . poly(dA-dT) induced by increasing ionic strength were studied using CD spectroscopy. It was found that a pronounced noncooperative inversion of the long-wavelength part of the CD spectrum of poly(dA-dT) . poly(dA-dT) occurred at high concentrations of CsF in solution. It was suggested that a great difference between the geometries of the purine and pyrimi...

For every oriented tree T there exists a graph DT (called the dual of T ) such that T 6→ G ⇔ G → DT holds for every G (an arrow denotes the existence of a homomorphism). An explicit construction of DT has been found recently. Although the DT constructed this way may have exponential number of vertices in |V (T )| = n, we will prove that its diameter is linear in n (and therefore DT is ”small” i...

A high drive-for-thinness (DT) score obtained from the Eating Disorder Inventory-2 is associated with surrogate markers of energy deficiency in exercising women. The purposes of this study were to confirm the association between DT and energy deficiency in a larger population of exercising women that was previously published and to compare the distribution of menstrual status in exercising wome...

Since final mitral valve (MV) closure and aortic ejection velocity are mediated by the same forces in early left ventricular (LV) contraction, the rate of final MV closure (BC slope) should reflect LV performance. We first verified whether peak final closing velocity (ds/dt) of the anterior MV leaflet (AMVL) is related to peak aortic ejection velocity (V) and LV dp/dt in 18 open-chest dogs. We ...