Abstract Studies show that minority students who were born abroad or whose parents are less successful in school than their majority peers. However, little is known on whether these disadvantages persist for the grandchildren of immigrants, i.e., third generation. Assimilation theories come to different predictions third-generation students’ educational integration. We investigate placement typ...

Abstract Across continental Europe, educational research samples are often divided by ‘migrant background’, a binary variable criticized for masking participant heterogeneity and reinforcing exclusionary norms of belonging. This study endorses more meaningful, representative, precise offering four guiding questions selecting relevant, social justice oriented, feasible categories collecting anal...