Several authors ([1, 2] among others) have proposed mechanical models to predict long term tooth movement considering both the tooth and its surrounding bone tissue as isotropic linear elastic materials coupled to an “adaptative elasticity” behavior [3, 4]. However, tooth movements obtained through orthodontic appliances result from a complex biochemical process of bone structure and density ad...

Objective. Test-retest reliability of the myotonometer was investigated in patients with subacute stroke. Methods. Twelve patients with substroke (3 to 9 months poststroke) were examined in standardized testing position twice, 60 minutes apart, with the Myoton-3 myometer to measure tone, elasticity, and stiffness of relaxed bilateral biceps and triceps brachii muscles. Intrarater reliability of...

Isotropic hyper-elasticity, altogether with the equilibrium equations and usual boundary conditions, are formulated directly on body ℬ, a three-dimensional compact orientable manifold equipped mass measure. Pearson–Sewell–Beatty pressure potential is recovered, using Poincaré formula. The existence of such requires which as non-holonomic constraints configuration space.

Studying mechanobiology in three-dimensional (3D) cell cultures better recapitulates cell behaviors in response to various types of mechanical stimuli in vivo Stiffening of the extracellular matrix resulting from cell remodeling potentiates many pathological conditions, including advanced cancers. However, an effective tool for measuring the spatiotemporal changes in elastic properties of such ...

To understand DNA elasticity at high forces (F>30  pN), its helical nature must be taken into account, as a coupling between twist and stretch. The prevailing model, the wormlike chain, was previously extended to include this twist-stretch coupling. Motivated by DNA's charged nature, and the known effects of ionic charges on its elasticity, we set out to systematically measure the impact of buf...

The capsids of icosahedral viruses are closed shells assembled from a hexagonal lattice of proteins with fivefold angular defects located at the icosahedral vertices. Elasticity theory predicts that these disclinations are subject to an internal compressive prestress, which provides an explanation for the link between size and shape of capsids. Using a combination of experiment and elasticity t...

Objectives. The study seeks to provide comparative global evidence on the role of income inequality, relative to income growth, in poverty reduction.Methods. An analysis-of-covariance model is estimated using a large global sample of 1980–2004 unbalanced panel data, with the headcount measure of poverty as the dependent variable, and the Gini coefficient and PPP-adjusted mean income as explanat...

[Purpose] This study aimed to compare and analyze the mechanical properties of the upper cervical muscles in patients with cervicogenic headache to identify efficient methods of treatment and diagnosis. [Subjects and Methods] A total of 40 subjects including 20 healthy individuals and 20 patients with cervicogenic headache were selected. A MyotonPRO device was used to measure the tone (Hz), sti...

We develop a competition index for differentiated products oligopoly and apply it to assessing the impact of concentration on price in hospital markets in California. Our index, which we term LOCI, is bounded between zero and one and increases with the competitiveness of a market. We use 1992-1995 hospital data from California to estimate the impact of concentration on price using our new conce...

The mechanical properties of the large arteries are important determinants in the circulation physiology. Quantities associated with vessel wall elasticity are of particular interest since they offer a possibility to separate diseased arteries from healthy. Pulse wave velocity (PWV) is a local measure of the arterial wall elasticity. This paper describes a new improved method for non-invasive l...