where Y is the logarithm of some measure of the child’s economic well-being, X is the logarithm of a similar measure of the parent’s economic well-being, and the estimated parameter β is the elasticity of the child’s economic well-being with respect to the parent’s well-being. A value of β close to 0 indicates complete intergenerational mobility; a value close to 1 indicates no mobility. Econom...

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES Tissue stiffness in liver is related to tissue composition, which is changed by cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma or metastases. Shear wave ultrasonographic elastography is a new imaging technique by which the elasticity of soft tissue can be measured quantitatively. The aim of this study was to measure the elasticity values of liver segments in healthy volunteers. M...

Elasticity algorithms for cloud infrastructures dynamically change the amount of resources allocated to a running service according to the current and predicted future load. Since there is no perfect predictor, and since different applications’ workloads have different characteristics, no single elasticity algorithm is suitable for future predictions for all workloads. In this work, we introduc...

We propose simple modifications for the Kakwani tax progressivity measure that make it suitable for evaluating access inequality for medical services. Our modification is to measure inequality using the ratio of the concentration index to the Gini coefficient instead of the difference between them. We also propose a measure using the Gini coefficient or concentration index of consumption expend...

As muscle is stretched, it reacts with increasing passive resistance. This passive force component is important for normal muscle function. Unfortunately, direct measurement of passive muscle force is still beyond the current state-of-the-art. This study aimed to investigate the feasibility of using Supersonic shear wave elastography (SSWE) to indirectly measure passive muscle force. Sixteen ga...

Background Regional ventricular elasticity is altered in ischemic heart disease and LV hypertrophy, potentially contributing to and sustaining a ventricular remodeling process. Conventional methods to measure regional ventricular elasticity in preclinical animal models require high fidelity ventricular pressure measurement, sonomicrometry transducers and dynamic modulation of preload. These pro...

This programmatic effort has three long-term goals. The first is to simulate bioacoustic interactions within and near individual fish. We developed a methodology that combines x-ray CT scans with tissue elasticity measurements and finite-element modeling software (WHACR). This technique has provided significant insights and discoveries regarding toothed whale bioacoustics (Cranford et al., 2008...

This paper examines how aversion to risk and aversion to intertemporal substitution determine the strength of the precautionary saving motive in a two-period model with Selden/Kreps-Porteus preferences. For small risks, we derive a measure of the strength of the precautionary saving motive which generalizes the concept of "prudence" introduced by Kimball (1990b). For large risks, we show that d...

This paper argues that the conventional definition of the elasticity of complementarity is not well suited to deal with the case of increasing returns. It proposes a slightly different formula, that uses a distance function formulation instead of a production function. The proposed definition coincides with the Hicksian measure in case the production function displays constant returns. It is mo...

Dense suspensions under sufficiently high shear stress can exhibit a dramatic transition to a solidlike state. This is known as extreme shear thickening and is sometimes accompanied by dilatancy. This behavior is contradictory; the material is solidlike but only when flowing. To probe the elasticity of the dilatant state, we measure the transient inertio-elastic oscillations that occur in respo...