in this study, mutant forms of bacillus thuringiensis spp. israelensis (h14) were produced. these mutants were identified when the cells were cultured on chloramphenicol plates and stained with crystal violet. protoplasts of the mutants were isolated by enzymatic digestion (lysozyme) of the cell walls at the presence of an osmotic stabilizer. the protoplasts were induced to fuse to each other i...

abstract       background and objective: ochratoxin is a fungal toxin produced by penicillium verrucosum and some aspergillus species. ochratoxin is usually found in grains, cereal products and also animal feed of livestock. the aim of this study was to measure the level of ochratoxin in pasteurized milk samples of golestan province, iran.       methods: overall, 38 milk samples were collected ...

background: psychiatric patients have an increased risk of some infections like toxoplasmosis. investigations on toxoplasma gondii infection among psychiatric patients have been limited in mashhad, northeast of iran. in this case-control study, prevalence of t. gondii was investigated by serological method. methods: this case-control study was performed among psychiatric patients admitted to av...

background: the aim of this study was to conduct a sero-epidemiological survey in meshkinshahr, ardabil province, northwestern iran to detect the rate of hydatidosis in the city and nearby villages. literature shows that no such study has been conducted so far. methods: overall, 670 serum samples were collected from 194 males and 476 females from patients referred to different health centers of...

measles, rubella, mumps, hepatitis b virus (hbv) and varicella zoster virus (vzv) cause infectious diseases that can be effectively prevented by vaccination. vaccination of medical students is important, because they are more likely to become exposed and infected by these viruses. a total of 180 students, consisting of 90 women and 90 men, were serologically screened for measles, rubella and mu...

aflatoxin m1 (afm1) is the hydroxylated metabolite of aflatoxin b1 (afb1) that it can be found in milk and dairy products. in this study, elisa (enzyme linked immunosorbent assay) technique was used for detection of afm1 in ice-cream in guilan province (northern iran). a total of 90 ice-cream samples was randomly obtained from different supermarkets. in 62 of the 90 ice-cream samples examined (...

invasive aspergillosis is one the major causes of death in hematopoietic and solidtransplantrecipients. one of the most critical problems in medical mycology is theinability to consistently make a convincing and early diagnosis of invasive fungalinfection. conventional diagnosis methods such as culture-based approaches are limitedby the insufficient accessibility sensitivity and the non-culture...

definitive diagnosis of brucellosis is made by isolation of the causative agents, which is a timeconsumingprocedure. to evaluate the efficacy of dot-elisa for detecting brucellae in clinical samples, 94different specimens taken from animal origin were cultured on brucella selective culture media and colonieswere identified biochemically. the specimens were also examined after centrifugation by ...